Chapter 1

Front 1

Freedom of

Back 1

An absence of constraints on behavior, as in freedom of speech or freedom of religion

Front 2

Libertarianism

Back 2

A political ideology that is opposed to all government action except as necessary to protect life and property

Front 3

political ideology

Back 3

A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government

Front 4

Totalitarianism

Back 4

A political philosophy that advocates unlimited power for the government to enable it to control all sectors of society

Front 5

national sovereignty

Back 5

A political entity's externally recognized right to exercise final authority over it's affairs

Front 6

Equality of opportunity

Back 6

The idea that each person is guaranteed the same chance to succeed in life

Front 7

democratic socialism

Back 7

A socialist form of government that guarantees civil liberties such as freedom of speech and religion. Citizens determine the extent of government activity through free elections and competitive political parties

Front 8

equality of outcome

Back 8

The concept that society must ensure that people are equal, and governments must design policies to redistribute wealth and status so that economic and social equality is actually achieved.

Front 9

government

Back 9

The legitimate use of force to control human behavior also, the organization or agency authorized to exercise that force

Front 10

communism

Back 10

A political system in which, in theory, ownership of all land and productive facilities is in the hands of the people, and all goods are equally shared. The production and distribution of goods are controlled by an authoritarian government

Front 11

Liberals

Back 11

Those who are willing to use government to promote equality but not order

Front 12

laissez faire

Back 12

An economic doctrine that opposes any form of govt intervention in business

Front 13

Libertarians

Back 13

Those who are opposed to using govt to promote either order or equality

Front 14

social equality

Back 14

Equality in wealth, education, and status

Front 15

liberalism

Back 15

The belief that states should leave individuals free to follow their individual pursuits. Note that this differs from the definition of liberal later in this chapter

Front 16

police power

Back 16

The authority of govt to maintain order and safeguard citizens' health, morals, safety, and welfare

Front 17

rights

Back 17

the benefits of govt to which every citizen is entitled

Front 18

public goods

Back 18

benefits and services, such as parks and sanitation, that benefit all citizens but are not likely to be produced voluntarily by individuals.

Front 19

socialism

Back 19

A form of rule in which the govt plays a strong role in regulating existing private industry and directing the economy, although it does allow some private ownership of productive capacity

Front 20

Freedom from

Back 20

Immunity, as in freedom from want

Front 21

capitalism

Back 21

The system of govt that favors free enterprise (privately owned businesses operating without govt regulation)

Front 22

globalization

Back 22

The increasing interdependence of citizens and nations across the world

Front 23

Conservatives

Back 23

Those who are willing to use the govt to promote order but not equality

Front 24

Anarchism

Back 24

A political philosophy that opposes govt in any form

Front 25

Political equality

Back 25

Equality in political decision making; one vote per person, with all votes counted equally

Front 26

Order

Back 26

Established ways of social order. Maintaining order is the oldest purpose of govt.

Front 27

communitarians

Back 27

Those who are willing to use govt to promote both order and equality