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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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major groups of microorganisms |
bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, and helminths |
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prokaryote |
any cellular organism that has no nuclear membrane, no organelles in the cytoplasm except ribosomes, and has its genetic material in the form of single continuous strands forming coils or loops, characteristic of all organisms in the kingdom Monera, as the bacteria and blue-green algae. |
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eukaryote |
any organism having as its fundamental structural unit a cell type that contains specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes, and an elaborate system of division by mitosis or meiosis, characteristic of all life forms except bacteria, blue-green algae, and other primitive microorganisms. |
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biotechnology |
the manipulation of microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting |
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genetic engineering |
newer area of biotechnology that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms |
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parasite |
lives in or on the body of a larger organism (host) and derives most of its sustenance from that host |
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pathogen |
describes the parasite and host (specifies it) |
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zoonoses |
infectious diseases native to animals that can be transmitted to humans |
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reemerging diseases |
older, well-known diseases that are increasing in occurrence for reasons outlined in 1.1 ex: TB |
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |
simple single lens microscope hand-fashioned |
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deductive reasoning |
uses general observations of some phenomenon to develop a set of facts to explain that phenomenon |
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hypothesis |
tentative, based on scientific thought rather than subjective beliefs that come from superstition or myth |
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inductive reasoning |
one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation |
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theory |
collection of statements, propositions, or concepts that explains or accounts for a natural event |
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Edward Jenner |
first viable method to control smallpox |
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John Tyndall |
provided initial evidence that some of the microbes in dust and air have very high heat resistance and that particularly vigorous treatment in required to destroy them |
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Ferdinand Cohn |
clarified the reason that heat would sometimes fail to completely eliminate all microorganisms |
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Robert Koch |
linked a microscopic organism with a specific disease |
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Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes |
mothers who gave birth at home experienced fewer infections than those at the hospital |
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Joseph Lister |
aseptic techniques aimed at reducing microbes in a medical setting and preventing wound infections |
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Louis Pasteur & Robert Koch |
germ theory of disease |
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taxonomy |
organizing, classifying, and naming living things |
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Carl con Linne |
laid down basic rules fro taxonomy |
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classification |
orderly arrangement of organisms into groups that indicate evolutionary relationships and history |
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nomenclature |
system of assigning names to the various taxonomic rankings of each microbial species |
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identification |
process of determining and recording the traits of organisms in order to trace their exact identity and placement in taxonomy |
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domain |
share one or few general characteristics |
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taxa descending order |
domina, kingdom, phylum, division, class, order, family, genus, and species |
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specific name |
also known as specific epithet, assigned by binomial (two-name) system of nomenclature |
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phylogeny |
the natural relatedness between groups of living things |
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prokaryotic cell types placed in domains archaea and bacteria. eukaryotes placed in domain eukarya |
