Chapter 1

Front 1

Two computers connected to a single hub has how many collision and broadcast domains.

Back 1

One collision domain and one broadcast domain.

Front 2

Network Segmentation

Back 2

Breaking up a massive network into a number of smaller ones.

Front 3

Can a switch break up collision domains?

Back 3

YES

Front 4

6 things that can cause LAN traffic cogestion

Back 4

1. To many hosts in a collision or broadcast domain

2. broadcast storms

3. too much multicast traffic

4. low bandwidth

5. adding hubs for connectivity to the network

6. a bunch of ARP broadcasts

Front 5

What is a Router?

Back 5

A device used to connect networks and route packets of data from one network to another. Used to efficiently break up broadcast domains.

Front 6

What is a broadcast domain?

Back 6

The set of all devices on a network segment which are allowed to "hear" all broadcasts sent out on that specific segment.

Front 7

Routers provide connections to wide area networks (WAN) services via a serial interface for WAN connections. What is this interface called on a Cisco router?

Back 7

V.35 physical interface

Front 8

Do routers break up collision domains and broadcast domains?

Back 8

YES

Front 9

Two advantages to using routers in a network:

Back 9

1. They don't forward broadcasts by default.

2. They can filter the network based on layer 3 information such as IP addresses.

Front 10

4 ways that routers function in a network:

Back 10

1. Packet switching

2. packet filtering via access lists

3. Internetwork communication

4. path selection via routing table

Front 11

Router are layer 3 switches. True or false?

Back 11

TRUE

Front 12

What is an internetwork?

Back 12

When a router connects two or more networks together using logical addressing (IP or IPv6)

Front 13

Three things switches do:

Back 13

1. Switches add functionality to a LAN network.

2. They provide more bandwidth for the LAN user.

3. They switch frames from one part to another within the switched network.

Front 14

What is a collision domain?

Back 14

A Ethernet term used to describe a network scenario in which one device sends a packet out on a network segment and every other device on that segment is forced to pay attention no matter what.

Front 15

If a switch has 48 ports, how many collision domains are represented on the switch?

Back 15

48 collision domains are represented. (Each port on a switch is its own collision domain)

Front 16

Fill in the blank. Switches create separate collision domains within a single_______ _______.

Back 16

Broadcast domain.

Front 17

Fill in the blank. Switches are called ________ sometime.

Back 17

Bridges

Front 18

HUBS create a congested network segment. T or F?

Back 18

TRUE

Front 19

Switches are used to segment networks but they will not isolate what?

Back 19

Broadcast or multicast packets.

Front 20

If broadcast domains are too large the users will have less what?

Back 20

Bandwidth

Front 21

Keep broadcast domains large. T or F?

Back 21

False. Broadcast domains should be kept small.

Front 22

VLAN (virtual local area network)

Back 22

Used when you logically break up broadcast domains in a layer 2 switched network. Based on logical instead of physical connections.

Front 23

What is the OSI model? HMMM??

Back 23

OSI stands for open system interconnection and was created by the ISO (international standards organization)

Front 24

How many layer does the OSI model have?

Back 24

Seven layers

Front 25

The top three layers of the OSI model define what?

Back 25

The top three layers define how applications communicate with one another and users.

Front 26

The bottom four layers of the OSI model deal with what?

Back 26

The bottom four layers deal with how data is transmitted end to end.

Front 27

What is the primary function of the Application layer?

Back 27

Provides a user interface.

Front 28

What are the primary functions of the Presentation layer?

Back 28

Presents data, handles processing such as encryption.

Front 29

What is the primary function of the Session layer?

Back 29

Keeps different applications data separate.

Front 30

What are the primary functions of the Transport layer?

Back 30

Provides reliable or unreliable delivery. Performs error correction before retransmit.

Front 31

What is the primary function of the Network Layer?

Back 31

Provides logical addressing, which routers use for path determination.

Front 32

What are the primary functions of the Data Link layer?

Back 32

Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames. Provides access to media using MAC addresses. Performs error detection not correction.

Front 33

What are the primary functions of the Physical layer?

Back 33

Moves bits between devices. Specifies voltage, wire speed, and pinout of cables.

Front 34

Name 5 network devices that operate at all 7 layers of the OSI model.

Back 34

1. Network Management Stations (NMS)

2. Web and Application Servers

3. Gateways (not default gateways)

4. Servers

5. Network hosts

Front 35

All people seem to need data processing

Back 35

mnemonic to help remember the seven layers of the osi model.

Front 36

Name some more specific functions of the Application layer.

Back 36

File, print, message, database, and application services.

Front 37

Name specific functions of the Presentation layer.

Back 37

Data encryption, compression, and translation services.

Front 38

Name a specific function of the Session layer.

Back 38

Dialog control

Front 39

Name a specific function of the Transport layer.

Back 39

End to end connection

Front 40

Name specific function of the Network layer.

Back 40

Routing

Front 41

Name specific function of the Data Link layer

Back 41

Framing

Front 42

Name function of the Physical Layer.

Back 42

Physical topology.

Front 43

The Application Layer acts as the interface between the ______ _________ ________ and the _____ _______ ______ by providing ways for the application to send information down through the protocol stack.

Back 43

actual application program

next layer down

Front 44

_____ and _____ the communication partners' availability and verifying the required resources to permit the specified type of ________ to take place occurs at the Application layer

Back 44

identifying, confirming

communication

Front 45

The presentation layer presents data to the application layer and is responsible for data ________ and code _________.

Back 45

translation, formatting

Front 46

The session layer sets up, manages, and dismantles sessions between application layer entities and keeps user data _____. Dialog ________ also take place at the session layer.

Back 46

Separate

control

Front 47

Communication is organized and coordinated between hosts' various applications via these three different modes:

Back 47

1. Simplex: One way communication

2. Half-duplex: Two way communication, but takes place in only one direction at a time.

3. Full-duplex: Devices can transmit and receive data at the same time!

Front 48

The transport layer ______ and ________ data into a single data stream.

Back 48

segments and reassembles

Front 49

Transport layer protocols provide end to end data transport services and can establish a ______ ________ between the sending host and destination host on a internetwork.

Back 49

logical connection

Front 50

TCP and UDP are integral to the transport layer. Define both.

Back 50

TCP: transfer control protocol. Guaranteed delivery, slower but more efficient, packets aren't lost.

UDP: User datagram protocol: fire and forget, streaming, unreliable.

Front 51

Transport layer also provides mechanisms for multiplexing upper layer applications, establishing _______, and tearing down virtual ______.

Back 51

sessions

circuits

Front 52

The transport layer can _____ details of network dependent information from the higher layers as well as provide ________ data transfer.

Back 52

hide

transparent

Front 53

The term _______ networking can be used at the transport layer.

Back 53

Reliable

Front 54

Reliable networking requires that acknowledgments, ____________, and ____ control will all be used.

Back 54

sequencing

flow

Front 55

For reliable networking to occur a device first must establish a ________ _________ communication with a remote device - its peer system - known as a call setup or ______ way handshake.

Back 55

connection-oriented

three

Front 56

When data transfer is finished a call termination takes place to tear down the virtual _________.

Back 56

Circuit

Front 57

The virtual circuit setup is often referred to as _______.

Back 57

Overhead

Front 58

Summary of the steps in a connection-oriented session - that three way handshake:

1. The first "connection agreement" segment is a request for _______.

2. The next segments "acknowledge" the request and establish connection parameters between hosts. These segments request that the receivers sequencing is synchronized here as well so that a ________ connection can be formed.

3. The final segment is also an __________ which notifies the destination host that the connection agreement has been accepted and that the actual connection has been established.

Back 58

Synchronization

Bidirectional

Acknolwdgment

Front 59

What is Buffer?

Back 59

When a machine stores datagrams if it receives to many too quickly.

Front 60

What is flow control?

Back 60

Ensures data integrity at the transport layer by allowing applications to request reliable data transport between systems.

Front 61

Flow control ensures the following will be achieved:

1. The segments delivered are _________ back to the sender upon reception.

2. Any segments not acknowledged are ________.

3. Segments are sequenced back into proper order upon arrival at the _______.

4. A manageable data flow is maintained in order to avoid congestion, overloading, and data _____.

Back 61

acknowledged

re-transmitted

destination

loss

Front 62

The purpose of flow control is to provide a way for the receiving device to control the amount of data sent by the sender. True or False?

Back 62

TRUE

Front 63

A service is connection-oriented if it has the following characteristics:

1. A ______ circuit or three way handshake setup.

2. It uses _______.

3. It uses ________.

4. It uses _________ __________.

Back 63

virtual

sequencing

acknowledgments

flow control

Front 64

Types of flow control are buffering, _________, and congestion avoidance.

Back 64

windowing

Front 65

What is windowing?

Back 65

The quantity of data segments, measured in bytes, that the transmitting machine is allowed to send without receiving acknowledgment is called a window.

Front 66

TCP/IP measures a window by counting the number of bits. True or false?

Back 66

False. Bytes not bits.

Front 67

What is session multiplexing?

Back 67

The transport layer works with the session layer to separate data form different applications. Example: multiple browsers open

Front 68

The network layer manages device _______, tracks the location of devices on the network, and determines the best path to move data on.

Back 68

addressing

Front 69

When a packet is received on a routers interface, the destination ____ _________ is checked. If the packet isn't destined for that particular router it will look up the destination network address in the routing _____.

Back 69

IP Address

Table

Front 70

Routers send packets to the exit interface to be framed and sent out on local network. If router can't find an entry for the packets destination network the packet is _______.

Back 70

DROPPED

Front 71

What are data packets?

Back 71

Used to transport user data through the internetwork. Layer 3

Front 72

IP and IPv6 are examples of what?

Back 72

Routed protocols that support data traffic

Front 73

What are route update packets?

Back 73

Update routers about the networks connected to all routers within the internetwork.

Front 74

What are routING protocols? (Not to be confused with routED protocols)

Back 74

protocols that send route update packets. Ex: RIP, RIPv2, EIGRP, OSPF.

Front 75

Routers keep routing _____.

Back 75

Tables.

Front 76

Routing tables include the following information:

1. Networking addresses: Protocol specific network address. Routers keep a routing table for each routing protocol.

2. Interface: What exit interface a packet will take when destined for a specific network.

3. Metric: The distance to the remote _____.

Back 76

Network

Front 77

A router by default will not forward broadcast packets but will forward multicast packets by default. T or F?

Back 77

FALSE. By default routers will not forward broadcast or multicast packets.

Front 78

Routers use the logical address in a network layer _______ to determine the next hop router to forward to packets to.

Back 78

header

Front 79

Routers use ________ lists, created by Admin, to control security based on the types of packets allowed to enter or exit an interface.

Back 79

access

Front 80

Routers can provide layer 2 bridging functions if needed and can simultaneously route through the same ______.

Back 80

Interface

Front 81

Routers provide connections between ________ LANs'

Back 81

virtual

Front 82

Routers provide quality of ________ for specific types of network traffic.

Back 82

service (QOS)

Front 83

The data link layer provides for the physical transmission of data and handles error ________, network topology, and flow _______.

Back 83

notification

control

Front 84

The data link layer formats the message, each called a data ________ and adds a customized header containing the hardware destination and source address.

Back 84

frame

Front 85

The data link layers is responsible for the actual unique identification of each device that resides on a ________ network.

Back 85

LOCAL

Front 86

Packets are framed with _______ information at the data link layer

Back 86

control

Front 87

The IEEE Ethernet data link layer has two sub layers:

1. _____ ______ _______ defines how packets are placed on the media.

2. ______ _______ _______ identifies network layer protocols and then encapsulates them.

Back 87

Media access control MAC

Logical Link control LLC

Front 88

A logical topology is the signal path through a ___________ topology.

Back 88

physical

Front 89

As data is encoded with control information at each layer of the OSI model, the data is named with something called a _______ _______ _______.

Back 89

Protocol data unit (PDU)

Front 90

At the transport layer the PDU is called a _______.

Back 90

Segment

Front 91

At the network layer the PDU is called a ______.

Back 91

Packet

Front 92

At the Data link layer the PDU is called a ______.

Back 92

Frame

Front 93

At the Physical layer the PDU is called a ______.

Back 93

Bit.

Front 94

Switches and bridges are layer ____ devices.

Back 94

2

Front 95

Layer 2 switching is considered hardware based bridging because it uses specialized hardware called ____ _____ _____ _____ which can run up to high gigabit speeds with low latency.

Back 95

application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)

Front 96

What is latency?

Back 96

The time measured from when a frame enters a port to when it exits a port.

Front 97

Layer 3 routers locate _______

Layer 2 switches locate ______

Back 97

networks

devices

Front 98

Each switch ______ is its own collision domain.

Back 98

PORT

Front 99

The physical layer does 2 things:

1. It _____ bits

2. IT _____ bits

Back 99

Sends

receives

Front 100

Bits come in values of ____ or ____

Back 100

1s

0s

Front 101

State transition

Back 101

changes in voltage from high to low and low to high

Front 102

the physical layer is where you identify the interface between the ___ ____ ____ and the ____ ____ ____.

Back 102

data terminal equipment

data communication equipment

Front 103

Data communication equipment is usually located at the ISP. T or F?

Back 103

TRUE

Front 104

Data terminal equipment is the attached _______

Back 104

devices.

Front 105

The services available to DTE are most often accessed with a ______ or channel service unit/data service unit (CSU/DSU)

Back 105

modem

Front 106

90 % of most network problems are _____

Back 106

physical

Front 107

ARE mac addressed proprietary?

Back 107

YES

Front 108

Ethernet communication is always _____ and internet communication is always ________

Back 108

internal

external

Front 109

IEEE 802.3 is the _______ standard and 802.11 is the ___ ____ standard

Back 109

ethernet

wireless LAN

Front 110

what is the default IP address for every NIC in the world?

Back 110

127.0.0.1

Front 111

Printers and servers need _____ IP addressed

Back 111

static

Front 112

RJ-45

Back 112

CABLE line

Front 113

RJ-11

Back 113

phone line