Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
psychology |
the science of behavior and mental processes |
|
|
goals of psychology |
1. describe 2. predict 3. explain 4. control behavior |
|
|
tools of psychology |
uses scientific methods to study behavior |
|
|
basic research |
research that addresses an important issueissue or problem but has no immediate practical consequences |
|
|
applied research |
research designed to deal will an immediate, practical problem that needs a solution |
|
|
psychology's subfields |
BASIC RESEARCH 1. biological psychologists 2. developmental psychologists 3. cognitive psychologists 4. personality psychologists 5. social psychologists
APPLIED RESEARCH 1. industrial/organizational psychologists 2. clinical psychologists |
|
|
biological psychologists |
explore the link between brain and mind |
|
|
developmental psychologists |
study changing abilities form womb to tomb |
|
|
cognitive psychologists |
study how we perceive, think, and solve problems |
|
|
personality psychologists |
investigate our persistent traits |
|
|
social psychologists |
explore how we view and affect one another |
|
|
industrial/organizational psychologists |
study and advise on behavior in the workplace |
|
|
clinical psychologists |
study, assess, and treat people with psychological disorders |
|
|
four important characteristics of a theory |
1. incorporates into a consistent logical framework of what is already known 2. produces new hypotheses and observations 3. adheres to the law of parsimony 4. testable and can potentially be showen to be false |
|
|
examples of human behavior tendency to think in terms of dichotomies |
1. nature vs. nurture 2. psychological vs. biological |
|
|
nature |
study of behavior that emphasizes the importance of inherited traits or factors in behavioral development (i.e. imprinting) |
|
|
nurture |
emphasis on the role of the environment and learning in behavioral development |
|
|
John B. Watson |
"father of behaviorism"
|
|
|
Modern Synthesis |
combination of Darwin's theory of evolution with genetics to explain the origins of behavior 1. natural selection 2. gene frequency changes as environment changes 3. a characteristic that is adaptive in one environment may not be adaptive in another |
|
|
Gustav Fechner |
studied mental processes by the scientific method |
|
|
Wilheim Wundt |
-found the discipline of "psychology" -first experimental psychology laboratory |
|
|
conscious experience is made up of three elements: |
1. sensations 2. images 3. feelings |
|
|
structuralism |
Edward Tichener -used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind |
|
|
Gestalt Psychology |
-"organized whole" -the whole is greater than the sum of its parts |
|
|
William James, John Dewey |
-founded school known as functionalism -influenced by Darwin |
|
|
functionalism |
how behavioral processes function (stream of consciousness); how they enable organisms to adapt, survive, and flourish (adaptations to habits) |
|
|
Mary Calkins |
-first female present of APA -studied under William James |
|
|
mental processes are: |
1. personal and unique 2. continually changing and evolving 3. selective |
|
|
Sigmund Freud |
psychoanalytic theory: personality theory and role of unconscious processes |
|
|
models of psychology |
1. neuroscience or biological model 2. psychodynamic model 3. behavioral model 4. humanistic model 5. cognitive model |
|
|
neuroscience or biological model |
role of nervous system, endocrine system and genetics |
|
|
psychodynamic model |
role of unconscious processes and drives |
|
|
behavioral model |
observable behavior; role of environmental conditions and learning |
|
|
humanistic model |
inherent goodness in people; role of self concept |
|
|
cognitive model |
role of thought, attnetion, epectation |
|
|
psychology's three main levels of analysis |
1. biological influences 2. psychological influences 3. social-cultural influences |
