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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Molecules
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Smallest unit in which matter is divided into
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Everything is made of these
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Atom
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Smallest unit of an element that has chemical properties of an element
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Small units in elements
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Element
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Chemical substance that can't be broken down
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Periodic table
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Proton
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Positively charged subatomic particle
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Determines what element is at hand depending on the number of these
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Electron
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Negatively charged subatomic particle
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Subatomic particle shared between two atoms to create a bond
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Neutron
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Neutral charged subatomic particle
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Adds weight to mass of atom
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Activation Energy
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The amount of energy needed to get a reaction started
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Like coffee for atoms
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Ion
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Atom or molecule with either a positive or negative charge
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More or less electrons added to an atom or molecule
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Isotope
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Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons
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More or less of the subatomic particle that adds/subtracts mass
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Ionic Bond
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Attraction between two oppositely charged atoms
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Positive + negative
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Covalent Bond
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Two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons
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Electrons
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Law of Conservation of Matter
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Matter can not be created or destroyed
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Most talked about law
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Polar Covalent Bond
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A bond between two atoms with a sharing of elections where one end has a slight positive charge and one end has a slight negative charge
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Opposite ends
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Hydrogen Bond
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A weak bond between a slightly negative hydrogen atom and a slightly positive hydrogen atom
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Hydrogen atoms
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pH Scale
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Level of H+ and OH- in ions, on a scale from 0-14
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Ranks ions
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Acid
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A substance that donates hydrogen ions; less than 7 on the ph scale
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Doesn't keep hydrogen
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Base
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having a ph greater than 7, with more dissolved hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
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Higher on the scale
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Organic compounds
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Carbon atoms combined with hydrogen and usually oxygen
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All living things are made up of this type of compound
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Amino Acids
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Small molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms.
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Building blocks of a protein
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Peptide Bonds
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Covalent bonds between amino acids
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Two of the same (certain type of molecule) combine with a chemical bond
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Polypeptide
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A long chain of peptide bonds/amino acids
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A long chain made up of many peptide bonds
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DNA
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Nucleotides containing deoxyribose form deoxyribose nucleic acids
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Every living thing has DNA, and the substance in DNA
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Gene
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Units of genetic information that pass from parent to offspring
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DNA forms genes
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Fatty acids and glycerol
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Fatty acids form the "tails" and glycerol form the "heads" of a lipid
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Either end of a fat or oil
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Macromolecules
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Large, complex molecules; made of long chains of carbon atoms which create the backbone of the molecule
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Think opposite of "micro"
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Carbohydrates
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Organic compound made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, where the hydrogen and oxygen are at a 2:1 ratio just like in water
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Sugars, starches, and cellulose are carbs.
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Lipids
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Fats and oils; usually has fatty acids in it's structure
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Long term storage of energy and carbon.
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Proteins
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Structural components in cells as well as messengers and receivers for the cell
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These do everything!
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Nucleic Acids
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A polymer of nucleotides important in encoding instructions for cell processes
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RNA is an example of a nucleic acid
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Nucleotide
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A subunit of DNA or RNA composed of 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen containing base, and a phosphate group
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These form together in chains
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Monosaccharide
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Simplest carbohydrates and single sugars
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Glucose is an a example of a monosaccharide
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Disaccharide
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A double sugar bond
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Sucrose, table sugar, is a disaccharide
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Polysaccharides
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Several glucose molecules bonded together to form complex carbohydrates
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Starch and cellulose are examples of polysaccharides
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