Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Paleolithic Era |
- old-stone age
- simple tools, capture of fire - hunting, gathering - includes birth of humanity East Africa- birth place of humanity 30,00 kya- have spread across globe )including ice bridge) ->skin color has changed
|
|
|
Hunter-gathering societies |
-first economic society -egalitarian - very low birthrate - on the move-low level of possessions |
|
|
Mesolithic Era |
-middle stone age -right before end of ice age - stone tools became more precise -start to see pastoral societies -villages emerge *transition to neolithic* |
|
|
Pastoral Societies moved societies from egalitarianism to ___________? |
social stratification *transition to neolithic* |
|
|
Neolithic Era |
- new stone age - end of last ice age and birth of agriculture - massive population increases - settled societies w/ birth of agriculture: start farming - agriculture developed around the world simultaneously- China, Mesopotamia, Americas - more social stratification- patriarchal society -specialization (leads to more stratification) -more complex religious activities-tied to climate, harvest - contagious diseases due to settling |
|
|
Slash and Burn agriculture |
- showed how not all Neolithic societies were settled
- stayed in one place until crops depleted land |
|
|
Metal Age |
-4,000 BCE - transition away from stone into bronze then iron - middle east first to transition into bronze - use smelting and mettallurgy- bronze is an alloy of copper and tin - use of wheel - woven textiles - pottery - plow |
|
|
Catal Huyuk |
- 7000 BCE - ancient civilization located in modern day Turkey - extremely urban, crowded, multistory residence - production and consumption w/ healthy economy and trafe -military forces |
|
|
Drawbacks of Civilization |
- war- full on large scale war -> more resources to fight over and more to protect - hard on environment (ex. Fertile Crescent) - emergence of caste system - distinctions basedo n social class and wealth - increased in men v women and monarch v subject |
|
|
First Civilization |
Tigris Euphrates Civilization - 3500 BCE (Mesopotamia/fertile crescent) |
|
|
Sumer |
- collection of city-states - collective culture, but not united - had king and political class - flat land, hard to defend - 1st developed writing- Cuneiform - used silver as money - known for advances in science(astronomy) and agriculture - most complex religion so far -monumental architecture- Sumerian Ziggurat at Ur -> creates class of people who are leaders in religion - priests also scribes - caste-like social system - low literacy rate for power reasons - Urban planning- had grid layouts |
|
|
Babylonians |
-develops later than Sumer but eventually takes over all Tigris-Euphrates civilization - 1st empire - Code of Hammurabi-eye for an eye |
|
|
Egyptian Civilization |
- 3,000 BCE - byproduct of Mesopotamia civilizations - good at calendars, science, and math - protected by deserts on both sides - offshoot of Cuneiform- Hieroglyphs - Pharaoh- head of state and religion- dual role - Pyramids- monumental architecture - Kush and Nubia- influenced by Egypt, eventually fight against Egypt - influenced Mediterranean cultures |
|
|
Indus River Valley |
-2500 BCE - 1st major civilization to emerge in Indian subcontinent - had contact with Mesopotamia like Egypt - Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro: 2 important city states - similar to sumer in unified city states that were not united - river was lyfe - strong urban planting and infrastructure - Harrapan writing system- cannot translate - conquered by Indo-Europeans(Aryans) ->domesticated horse -> pastoral -> had chariots/wheel -> very warrior like |
|
|
Chinese |
-2000 BCE - Huang He - history is fact/fiction - concept of yinyang ~Pan Ku- creater of universe, mythological, developed the basis for modern day chinese - came up with early chinese choreographic symbols - ruling family: Shang- not dynasty |
|
|
Traits of River Valley Civilizations |
- monumental architecture - wheel - writing - domestication - calendars - concept of their religion |
|
|
Phoenicians |
- 1500 BCE - emerged from religion called Levant(eastern Mediterranean) - built trade network - create worlds 1st alphabet-basis of Greek alphabet
|
|
|
Jews |
-1000 BCE - established State-influenced by Babylonians -product of the Levant -birth of monotheism - Semitic- people from the levant |
|
|
Zhou China |
-BEFORE CAME SHANG 1029-258 BCE -collection of family holdings (feudal) - centered around yellow river - MOH and animism - mandarin chinese developed - AFTER CAME ERA OF WARRING STATES |
|
|
Qin Shi Huangdi |
- BEFORE COMES ERA OF WARRING STATES -r. 221-202bce - ends era of warring states, starts Qin dynasty - centralizes power and becomes harsh military leader - started Great Wall of China - national census for tax purposes - standardized coinage and mandarin - weights and measurements standardized for easy trade - promotes silk making - high taxes, brutal techniques, book burner - AFTER COMES HAN |
|
|
Han Wu Ti |
- 141-87bce - leads uprising through MOH - leads a happy dynasty - Han known for Golden Age -AFTER COMES SIX DYNASTIES ERA |
|
|
Classical Chinese Science |
- astronomy - calendars - movt of planets - seismography - good hygiene |
|
|
Vedic Age |
-1500 BCE- 1000 BCE - starts with invasion of Arryans - development of sanskrit - Vedas- ancient literature, basis of hinduism |
|
|
Epic Age |
- 1000 BCE- 600BCE - vedas are added to ->mahabharata and ramayana and upanishads - caste system (happens when arryans come in) |
|
|
Mauryan Dynasty |
- births when ATG puts pressure on them |
|
|
Chandragupta Maurya |
-r322-298 bce - seized power at ganges - sets up mauryan dynasty - incorporates indus/ganges river - combined most of India |
|
|
Ashoka |
-grandson of Chandragupta maurya - increased size of dynasty - warriorlike until he converts to buddhism |
|
|
After Mauryan Dynasty.... |
- nomadic pastoral (kushan invaders) group gave india trouble - shortlived - after came gupta |
|
|
Gupta Empire |
-320ce-600 ce - reunites India - Golden Age of classical India - patronized arts and sciences - developed smallpox vaccine, good medicine -timekeeping and astronomy |
|
|
Chanakya |
-chief minister under chandragupta maurya |
|
|
Cyrus the Great |
- r559-530 BCE - unifes persia -zoroastrianism |
|
|
Minoans |
-2000BCE -beginnings of greek myth -more egyptian than greek - on crete |
|
|
Mycenae |
-1400BCE - 1st Greek city - came after minoans - foundation of true greek culture - Homers Epic - persia and greece interacted |
|
|
Greek City-States |
- 800 BCE - collection of multiple states that united by culture - Sparta v Athens-peloponnsian wars ->allows for growth of macedonia |
|
|
Phillip II of Macedon |
- father of macedon and Alexander the great |
