Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Health
|
A state of complete, physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease.
|
|
|
Dynamic State/ Condition
|
Multi-dimensional in nature, a resource for living, and results from a persons interactions with and adaptations to his/her environment
|
|
|
Community
|
A group of people who have common characteristics; can be defined by location, race, ethnicity, age, occupation, interest in particular problems or outcomes, or other common bond.
|
|
|
Characteristics of communities (6)
|
membership,
common symbol system, shared values and norms, mutual influence, shared needs andcommitment, shared emotional connection |
|
|
Examples of communities
|
schools, work place, clubs/ organizations
|
|
|
Public Health
|
Health status of a defined group of people and the government actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve health
|
|
|
Community Health
|
Health status of a defined group of people and the actions and conditions (public & private) to promote, protect, and preserve health.
|
|
|
Population Health
|
Health status of people who are not organized and have no identity as a group or locality and the actions and conditions to promote, protect, and preserve their health.
|
|
|
Population Health examples
|
homeless people, immigrants, etc.
|
|
|
Personal Health Activities
|
Individual actions and decision making that affect the health of an individual or his/her immediate family.
|
|
|
Community Health Activities
|
Those aimed at protecting or improving the health of a population or community.
|
|
|
Categories for "Health of the Community" (4)
|
Physical factors,
community organization, social/cultural factors, individual behaviors |
|
|
Physical factors of "Health of the Community"
|
industrial development,
community size, environment, geography |
|
|
Social cultural factors of "Health of the Community"
|
beliefs, traditions, prejudice
economy, politics, religion socioeconomic status social norms |
|
|
Community organization of "Health of the Community"
|
Ways in which communities identify common problems or goals; organize their resources; and implement strategies to reach their goals
|
|
|
Idividual behaviors of "Health of the Community"
|
Takes the concerted effort of many- if not most- to make a community.
Voluntary program work |
|
|
Ancient societies before 500 B.C. in Northern India
|
Evidence of bathrooms and sewers.
|
|
|
Ancient societies before 500 B.C. in Ancient Egypt
|
Evidence of water drainage
|
|
|
Ancient societies before 500 B.C. in Crete
|
Evidence of toilets, flushing systems, and sewers.
|
|
|
Ancient societies before 500BC in Sumerian Clay Tablet
|
Evidence of prescription drugs.
|
|
|
Ancient Societies before 500BC in Guides
|
Code of Hammurabi; Book of Leviticus
|
|
|
Egyptian diseases
|
smallpox, polio, constipation, etc.
|
|
|
Classical cultures (500BC-500AD)
|
Greek Golden Age and Roman Society
|
|
|
Greek Golden Age
|
Hippocrates uses terms "endemic" and "epidemic"
Men involved in games of strength and skill Active community sanitation running water |
|
|
Roman Society
|
Improved on Greek engineering
Built aquaducts and sewer systems, food markets, and public bath houses Christians built hospitals for the public as charitable organizations |
|
|
Greek Medical Practices
|
Blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm
Health consists of balancing the Four Humors Described personalities that were not liked |
|
|
Blood
|
heart, spring, air
|
|
|
Yellow bile
|
liver, summer, fire
|
|
|
Black bile
|
spleen, autumn, earth
|
|
|
Phlegm
|
brain, winter, water
|
|
|
Middle Ages 500AD-1500AD
|
Growing revulsion of Roman materialism
Spiritual era of public health Great epidemics of plague |
|
|
Plague epidemic (middle ages 500AD-1500AD)
|
Caused by YERSINIA PESTIS
Bacteria carried from rats to humans via fleas Policies related to care and slaughter of animals introduced ISOLATION and QUARANTINE introduced |
|
|
Dark Ages 500AD-1000AD
|
Drift into superstition and irrational dogma
Cleanliness is a sign of weakness, worldliness, and luxury Move back to improper sanitation Papacy (office of the Pope) forbids dissection, surgery, and for monks to practice medicine Medical advancements brought to a halt for almost100 years |
|
|
Plague of Justinian
|
Years 543-600
Bubonic plague ravaged known world for 70 years |
|
|
Black Death
|
Years 1348-1388
25-75% of European populations died Plague= number one killer |
|
|
Medical advancements of the 18th century
|
1790: 1st US census is conducted
1796: Dr. Edward Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine saving millions of lives 1798: Marine hospital service is formed leading to the US public health service |
|
|
Renaissance and Exploration 1500-1700
|
Rebirth of thinking about nature of the world and human kind
More careful accounting of who was getting sick (saints and sinners) |
|
|
Surgeon general
|
Considered Admiral
US public service has military power General population does not get does not get vaccinated with smallpox |
|
|
Industrial Growth: 18th century
|
Cities overcrowded as rural poor move to cities
Water supplies inadequate Streets heaped with trash and garbage Workplaces unsafe and unhealthy Occupational regulations not in place Child labor laws not developed Workers poor and powerless Life expectancy only about 29 years |
|
|
Thomas Hopps
|
Says that we need a social contract- something that keeps us from killing each other
|
|
|
First half of 19th century
|
Few advancements in public health
Federal government is LAISSEZ FAIRE Epidemics continued London cholera epidemics MIASMA theory of contagious disease Life expectancy about 40 years |
|
|
Laissez Faire
|
Noninterference
Health quakery thrived |
|
|
Conditions in the 1850s
|
No landfill filteration
Urine/ feces everywhere No paved roads No floors in houses |
|
|
John Snow
|
Fixed the broad street pump
British physician Put chlorine over patients mouth covered with rag to knock them out for surgery "Father of Epidemiology" |
|
|
Collera
|
Violent explosive diahhrea
"Rice water stool" 22,000-52,000 deaths |
|
|
John Snow's Investigation
|
Found that certain areas used different water pumps which is what caused collera
|
|
|
The second half of the 19th century
|
Modern era of public health begins Shattucks report
Commonwealth of Massachusetts Violence, mental, etc. Snow removes pump handle Pasteur proposed germ theory APHA theory Koch established relationship- microbe and disease Reed finds yellow fever transmitted by mosquitos |
|
|
VECTOR of Disease
|
The pathogen, germ that is causing the diseases
|
|
|
The 20th Century
|
Reform Phase
Great Depression and WW2 Postwar years |
|
|
Reform Phase 1900-1920
|
National Association for the study and prevention of tuberculosis formed 1st health agency
Upton Sinclaires "The Jungle" published 1st school of public health at John Hopkins |
|
|
The Great Depression and WW2 1929- 1945
|
Social Security Act of 1935
National Institutes of Health in 1930s |
|
|
The Tuskegee Study
|
US public health study of the effects of syphillis on African-American men
Men given periodic exams but NEVER treated Frequent medical publications NOT kept secret- many publications Syphilis made people go crazy and drop dead |
|
|
Postwar Years 1945-1960
|
Communicable Disease Center established in 1946
World Health Organization founded in 1948 Polio vaccine introduced in 1952 |
|
|
Polio vaccine
|
Leading killer under age 20
Pediatric peralysis Gave polio to kids March of Dimes: Prevent kid illnesses |
|
|
Importance of Public Health 1900-2000
|
Life expectancy raises from 47.3-76.9
Cause of death= lifestyle behaviors |
|
|
Top ten achievements in public health
|
Vaccination
Motor-vehicle safety Safer workplace Infectious disease control Lower deaths from CHD and strok Safer/ healthier foods Healthier moms/ babies Family planning Flouridation of drinking water Tobacco health hazard |
|
|
Healthy People 2020
|
A resource for promoting improved health
Occurs every ten years High-quality, longer lives Healthy equity Social/ physical environments that are healthy Promote quality of life, healthy development/ behaviors Emphasizes the importance of involving sectors OUTSIDE of health (education, housing, environment) |
|
|
Issues Ahead
|
Health care delivery
Environmental problems Lifestyle diseases Communicable diseases Alcohol/ drug abuse Natural disasters/ terrorists |
