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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is psychology?
(3 things) |
The science of mental processes and behavior.
1)Science 2)Mental Processes 3)Behavior |
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3 levels of analysis
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1)Brain: mechanism
2)Person:content, beliefs, desires, feelings 3) group:affect on each other and network |
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Roots of psych lie in these 2 things
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Philosophy
Physiology |
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Structuralism
-Introspection, 2 scientists |
-focused on identifying "building blocks" of consciousness (sensations and feelings)
-Mental Structures: how particular sensations or feelings may occur at same time or in sequence -Introspection: looking within, not objectively verifiable -Wilhelm Wundt & Edward Titchener |
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Introspection
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-Scructuralism
-Looking within -Noticing mental processes as, or right after, they occur |
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Structuralism
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Edward Titchener
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Structuralism
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Functionalism
-1 scientist |
-How our minds help us function "why"
-Influenced by Charles Darwin, how consiousness helped someone adapt, animal observations provide clues for human behavior -Focused on pragmatic issues like improving education -William James |
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William James
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Functionalism
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Gestalt Psychology
-1 scientist -perceptual unit |
-Gestalt="whole"
-Emphasized overall patterns of thoughts of experiences -Much of our thoughts come from what we perceive and inborn tendency to structure things -The whole is greater than the sum of its parts -Perceptual unit:whole formed from individual parts -Max Wertheimer |
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Perceptual Unit
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-Gestalt Psychology
-Whole formed from individual parts -Flock of geese |
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Max Wertheimer
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Gestalt Psychology
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Psychodynamic Theory
-1 scientist -Psyche & Dynamo |
-Sigmund Freud
-"Psyche"= mind -"dynamo"=power -How thoughts and feelings affect behavior -The mind has separate components: conscious and unconscious -continual push-and-pull interaction among 2 components (leads to abnormal behavior) -Much of behavior influenced by unconscious |
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Behaviorism
-2 scientists |
-The mind cannot be observed, only behavior
B.F. Skinner & John Watson -Responses usually produce positive/negative consequences which affect how organisms react next time encounter same stimulus= reinforcement |
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B.F Skinner
John Watson |
Behaviorism
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