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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Incas
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This tribe began as a society in the Cuzco region. They had more land and regional power than any tribe in south America and began to expand during the 12 and 16 century. The language that they spoke was Quechua.
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Mayas
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This society was the only known tribe in the Mesoamerican region to have a fully developed language. Their highest development was during the classical and post classical era. They are known for their advanced technology like the calendar and epigraphy.
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Aztecs
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Their tribe consisted around Mexico and they dominated during the 15 16 and 17 centuries. They are known for all the sacrifices they made to their gods like cutting themselves and bleeding to please their gods.
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Chaco Canyon
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This canyon used to be a major culture center for the Pueblo people. These canyons were built to follow the solar and lunar patterns. It was important because it was used for astronomy.
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Woodland Indians
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They were culturally and technically advanced tribes who began to permanently settle villages. They were also known for the pottery that they made and they also made ritualistic burials and traded as well.
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Mobile Societies(native Americans)
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Mobile societies creates a part of wealth from its process and do not depend on the territory. They require different institutions and practices as well as having contracts.
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Agriculture (natives)
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Most natives were well known for their agriculture techniques and helped the English people. They taught them different ways to grow plants and also about other types of crops to grow like corn, etc.
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Christopher Columbus
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He was meant to sail in indiana but ended up in america to which he called the natives there indians. He sailed in 1492 and was also the founder of America.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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He was a Portuguese explorer who was born in Portugal but later changed his nationality to serve the king. In 1519-1522 he led the first expedition from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
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The Conquistadors
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This term was mostly who were explorers and adventures in the spanish regions and they brought America under the control of Spain.
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Cortes
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He was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that was the reason for the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought a large portion of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first Spanish colonization of the Americas.
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Fransisco Pizarro
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He was the conquer of the Inca empire and was also the founder of Lima. He sailed to the Americas from Spain with 30 shapes.
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Ordinance of discovery(Aztecs)
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The Aztec tribe was a bunch of certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, they spoke the Nahuatl language and also dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries,
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Cathloc Missionaries(natives)
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To be able to make the natives accepted in England, and keep them less 'savage,' they wanted to teach them and convert the to Cathlicoism
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St. Augustine 1565
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This place was founded in 1565 by a spanish explorer and admiral, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés. it is the oldest occupied European-established city and port in the United States. This is also the first coast that extends from Amelia to Jacksonville.
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Ecomiendas
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Was a labor system was employed by the Spanish crown. This happened during the Spanish colonization of the Americas. This granted someone a specified number of natives for whom they would take take responsibility. The receiver of the grant was to protect the natives from warring tribes and to instruct them in the Spanish language and in the Catholic faith. In return, they could exact tribute from the natives in the form of labor, gold, etc. In the former Inca empire, for example, the system continued the Incaic (and even pre-Incaic) traditions of exacting tribute under the form of labor.
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Pueblo Revolt
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The pueblo revolt was an uprising of many pueblos of the people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico.
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Mestizo
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Mestizo is a Spanish term that was used during the Spanish colonial period. In Latin America, it refered to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry.
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John Cabot
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He was an Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of North America is said to be the first European voyage to the continent since Norse exploration of the Americas in the early eleventh century.
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Richard Hakluyt
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He was an English writer. He is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation (1598–1600)
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Doctrine of Predestination
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is a doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world. In the words of the Westminster Confession of Faith, God "freely and unchangeably ordained whatsoever comes to pass."[1] The second use of the word "predestination" applies this to the salvation, and refers to the belief that God appointed the eternal destiny of some to salvation by grace, while leaving the remainder to receive eternal damnation for all their sins, even their original sin.
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The english reformation
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was the series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church
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John Calvin
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was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism. Originally trained as a humanist lawyer, he broke from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530.
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Puritan Sepratists
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The Separatists, or Independents, were English Protestants who occupied the extreme wing of Puritanism. The Separatists were severely critical of the Church of England and wanted to either destroy it or separate from it.
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Elizabeth the I
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was Queen regnant of England and Queen regnant of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born a princess, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed two and a half years after her birth, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate.
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Coureours de bois
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was an individual who engaged in the fur trade without permission from the French authorities. The coureurs de bois, mostly of French descent, operated during the late 17th century and early 18th century in eastern North America, particularly in New France.
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New Amsterdam
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was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland. It later became New York City. Provincial possession of the territory was accomplished with the first settlement.
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West India Company
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was a chartered company (known as the "GWC") of Dutch merchants. Among its founding fathers was Willem Usselincx (1567-1647?). On June 3, 1621, it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies (meaning the Caribbean) by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and given jurisdiction over the African slave trade, Brazil, the Caribbean, and North America.
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy and explorer who is also largely known for popularising tobacco in England.
Raleigh was born to a Protestant family in Devon, the son of Walter Raleigh and Catherine Champernowne. |
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Roanoke
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was an enterprise financed and organized by Sir Walter Raleigh. It was carried out by Ralph Lane and Richard Grenville (Raleigh's cousin) in the late 16th century to establish a permanent English settlement in the Virginia Colony. Between 1585 and 1587, several groups attempted to establish a colony, but either abandoned the settlement or died.
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James I
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He became King of Scots as James VI on 24 July 1567, when he was just thirteen months old, succeeding his mother Mary, Queen of Scots, who had been compelled to abdicate in his favour. Four different regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1581.
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Lord De lawar
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In the United States, Thomas West, 3rd (or 12th) baron is often named in history books simply as Lord Delaware. He served as governor of the Jamestown Colony, and the Delaware Bay was named after him. The state of Delaware, Delaware River and Delaware Indians were so called after the bay, and thus ultimately derive their names from the barony.
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tobacco
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agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be an consumed, used as an organic pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, it is used in some medicines
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Virginia Company
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refers collectively to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I on 10 April 1606 with the purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America. The two companies, called the "Virginia Company of London" (or the London Company) and the "Virginia Company of Plymouth" (or Plymouth Company) operated with identical charters but with differing territories.
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Pocahontas
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was a Virginia Indian chief's daughter notable for having assisted colonial settlers at Jamestown in present-day Virginia. She converted to Christianity and married the English settler John Rolfe. After they traveled to London, she became famous in the last year of her life.
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Maryland
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is an American State located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. It was also one of the main colonies.
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Proprietary Rule
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Proprietary rule was unpopular in South Carolina almost from the start, mainly because propertied immigrants to the colony hoped to monopolize fundamental constitutions of Carolina as a basis for government. Moreover, many Anglicans resented the Proprietors' guarantee of freedom of religion to Dissenters. In November 1719, Carolina elected James Moore as governor and sent a representative to ask the King to make Carolina a royal province with a royal governor.
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Tolertation
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toleration means that the government permits religious practices of other sects besides the state religion, and does not persecute believers in other faiths. It is a partial status, and might still be accompanied by forms of religious discrimination. Religious toleration as a Government policy merely means the absence of religious persecution; unlike religious liberty it does not mean that religions are equal before the law.
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Plymouth Plantation
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complete authority for the story of the Pilgrims and the early years of the Colony they founded. Written between 1620 and 1647, the journal describes the story of the Pilgrims from 1608, when they settled in the Netherlands through the 1620 Mayflower voyage, until the year 1647.
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Mayflower Compact
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was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the colonists, later together known to history as the Pilgrims, who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower. Almost half of the colonists were part of a separatist group seeking the freedom to practice Christianity according to their own determination and not the will of the English Church.[citation needed] It was signed on November 11, 1620
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William Bradford
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was an English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and was elected thirty times to be the Governor after John Carver died. His journal (1620–47), was published as Of Plymouth Plantation. Bradford is credited as the first to proclaim what popular American culture now views as the first Thanksgiving.
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Colonial Currency
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Early American currency went through several stages of development in the colonial and post-Revolutionary history of the United States. Because few coins were minted in the thirteen colonies that became the United States in 1776, foreign coins like the Spanish dollar were widely circulated. Colonial governments sometimes issued paper money to facilitate economic activity. The British Parliament passed Currency Acts in 1751, 1764, and 1773 that regulated colonial paper money.
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Theocratic Society
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is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler, or in a higher sense, a form of government in which a state is governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided.
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Pequot war
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was an armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies (the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes) against the Pequot tribe. The result was the elimination of the Pequot
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The Narragansets
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The Narragansett Indians are a native people who lived on the Narragansett Bay and in western Rhode Island. At around the beginning of the 17th Century there were about 10,000 Narragansett people. Over the next hundred years, however, that number was to be cut to just 500. War with the British and disease were the killers. In just one battle in 1675, the Narragansett lost 20 % of their population.
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English Civil war
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was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The first (1642–46) and second (1648–49) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war (1649–51) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament. The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651
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Middle Colonies
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was known for the region's production of wheat, grain, and oats, were one area of the Thirteen British Colonies in pre-Revolutionary War Northern America. The area was part of the New Netherlands until the British exerted control over the region. Following the American Revolution, the Middle Colonies became the states of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, New York and Delaware.[
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Charter of Liberties
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also called the Coronation Charter, was a written proclamation by Henry I of England, issued upon his accession to the throne in 1100. It sought to bind the King to certain laws regarding the treatment of church officials and nobles. It is considered a landmark document[1] in English legal history and a forerunner of Magna Carta.
The document addressed abuses of royal power by his predecessor, his brother William Rufus, as perceived by the nobility, specifically the over-taxation of the barons, the abuse of vacant sees, and the practices of simony and pluralism. The charter of liberties was generally ignored by monarchs until in 1213 Archbishop Langton reminded the nobles that their liberties had been guaranteed over a century prior in Henry I's Charter of Liberties. |
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Black Codes
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were laws passed on the state and local level in the United States, but mostly in the south, to limit the basic human rights and civil liberties of African Americans. Even though the U.S. constitution originally discriminated against African Americans (as "other persons") and both Northern and Southern states had passed discriminatory legislation from the early 19th century, the term Black Codes is used most often to refer to legislation passed by Southern states at the end of the Civil War to control the labor, movements and activities of newly-freed slaves.
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Holy Experiment
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was an attempt by the Quakers to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania. They hoped it would show to the world how well they could function on their own without any persecution or dissension.
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California 1760's
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Spain instituted the mission system in "Alta California" in the 1760's firstly to convert the natives to Christianity, and secondly, to build a series of missions
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James Oglethorp
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was a British general, a philanthropist, and was the founder of the colony of Georgia. As a social reformer in Britain, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors' prison, in the New World.
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Sir Edmund Andros
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was an early colonial English governor in North America, and head of the short-lived Dominion of New England.Andros was born in London on December 6, 1637, son of Amice Andros, an adherent of Charles I and Bailiff of Guernsey. He served for a short time in the army of Prince Henry of Nassau, and in 1660-1662 was gentleman in ordinary to the queen of Bohemia, Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of James I of England.
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The glorious revolution
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also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England together with his wife Mary II of England.
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Cambridge agreement
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was an agreement made on August 29, 1629, between the shareholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company. The Agreement led directly to the foundation of Boston, Massachusetts.
The Cambridge Agreement was a deal over whether the Massachusetts Bay Colony would be under local control, in New England, or under the control of a corporate board in London. Not all the members of the Company were actually interested in emigrating, but even they were either sympathetic Puritans or investors. |
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Church of England(Angelican)
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According to tradition, Christianity arrived in Britain in the first or second century. The earliest historical evidence of Christianity among the native Britons is found in the writings of such early Christian Fathers as Tertullian and Origen in the first years of the 3rd century, although the first Christian communities probably were established some decades earlier. Three Romano-British bishops, including Restitutus, are known to have been present at the Council of Arles in 314.
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Covenant Theology
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is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible. It uses the theological concept of covenant as an organizing principle for Christian theology
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Halfway covenant
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The Half-Way Covenant was a form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662. It was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose. First-generation settlers were beginning to die out, while their children and grandchildren often expressed less religious piety, and more desire for material wealth.
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Thomas Hooker
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was a prominent Puritan religious and colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. He was known as an outstanding speaker and a leader of universal Christian suffrage. Hooker also had a role in creating the "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut", one of the world's first written constitutions.
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Saybrook Plattform
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refers to conservative religious proposals adopted at Saybrook, Connecticut in September 1708. The document attempted to stem the tide of disunity among the established Congregational churches and restore discipline among both the clergy and their congregations.
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Joint stock company
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is a type of business entity: it is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more legal persons. Certificates of ownership (or stocks) are issued by the company in return for each financial contribution, and the shareholders are free to transfer their ownership interest at any time by selling their stockholding to others.
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Cavaliers(1642-1647)
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was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642–1651). Prince Rupert, commander of much of Charles I's cavalry, is often considered an archetypical Cavalier.
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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Was a prince of the kingdom of Portugal. Was responsible for creating maritime and the European worldwide explorations. His father was the founder of the Avis dynasty.
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John Locke
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was the founding father of liberalism and was also an English philosopher. He was also one of the most influential of the enlightenment thinkers.
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Leif Erikson
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He was a Norse explorer who is said to be one of the first Europeans to land in north America; even before Christopher Columbus. He also converted to Christianity and sailed to green land.
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