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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Orbitals and max e-
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s, p, d, f
2, 6, 10, 14 |
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Aufbau Principle
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Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy, from lowest to highest
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Pauli Principle
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Two e- per orbital, opposite spins
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Hund's Rule
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degenerate sets of orbitals, equal energy orbitals
2px, 2py,2pz |
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Lewis Structures
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structures showing the valence electrons as bonds or lone pairs
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Octet Rule
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Atoms achieve 8e- in valence shells by transfering e-, or accepting e-
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Cation
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+ charge (remove 1 e-)
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Anion
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- charge (add 1 e-)
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Transfer vs Sharing of e-
(what type of bond?) |
transfer= ionic
sharing= covalent |
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Pauling EN scale
What type has low EN? What type has high EN? |
Low= metals
High= nonmetals |
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EN Scale
When you go from left to right what does EN do? from top to bottom? |
L to R- increases
T to B- decreases |
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Electronegativity frequent elements
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H, N, O, P, S
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Covalency Rules for O, N, H, and C?
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O- 2
N- 3 H- 1 C- 4 |
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Formal Charge
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Charge born by each atom in a molecule
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Functional groups
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Allow you to classify cmps
Site for chemical rxn Used in naming cmps |
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Ground State election configuration
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The e- configuration of lowest energy for an atom, molecule, or ion.
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Electronegativity
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measure of an atom's attraction for e-
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Bond Length
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the distance between nuclei participating in a chemical bond
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Nonpolar covalent bond (EN level)
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EN less than .5
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Polar covalent bond (EN value)
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.5 to 1.9
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Ionic Bond (EN value)
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EN greater than 1.9
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VESPR Model
Four regions of e- density, what is the shape and the predicted bond angle? |
tetrahedral, 109.5
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VSEPR Model
Three regions of e- density, what is the shape and predicted bond angle? |
Trigonal planar, 120
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VSEPR Model
Two regions of e- density, what is the shape and predicted bond angle? |
Linear, 180
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Dipole Movement
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The vector sum of individual bond dipole moments in a molecule.
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