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75 Cards in this Set
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incas
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largest empire in pre- Columbian America
The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Peru. |
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mayas
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iinitially established during the Pre-Classic period (c. 2000 BC to 250 AD)
they had advances such as writings, epigraphy, and the calender. |
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aztecs
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were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. capital tenochtitlan, island of lake texcoco.
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chaco cayon
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Between AD 900 and 1150, Chaco Canyon was a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples.α[›]
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woodland indians
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from before 1000bc until 1000ad the north american inhabited by prehistoric native americans of the woodland era.
Cultivation of crops was widespread, specifically corn (maize), beans and squash. |
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mobile societies
(native americans) |
are the indigenous peoples in North America.
Many Native Americans lived as hunter-gatherer societies, although in many groups, women carried out sophisticated cultivation of a variety of staples: maize, beans and squash. |
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agriculture (natives)
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Native Americans grew was squash., cotton, sunflower, pumpkins, tobacco, goose foot, knot grass, and sump weed.
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Leif Erikson
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(c. 970 – c. 1020) was a Norse[2] explorer who is regarded as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland), nearly 500 years before Christopher Columbus.[3]
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prince henry the navigator
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March 1394 – 13 November 1460
Henry to explore down the coast of Africa, most of which was unknown to Europeans |
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Christopher columbus
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c. 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from Genoa, Italy,whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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1480 – April 27, 1521) was a Portuguese explorer. He was born at Sabrosa, in northern Portugal, but later obtained Spanish nationality in order to serve King Charles I of Spain in search of a westward route to the "Spice Islands
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the conquistadors
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meaning "Conqueror" in the Spanish and Portuguese languages) is the term widely used to refer to the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain in the 15th through the 19th centuries following Europe's discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
The leaders of the conquest of the Aztec Empire were Hernán Cortés and Pedro de Alvarado. Francisco Pizarro led the conquest of the Inca Empire. |
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Cortes
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1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.
he brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the king of castile in he early 16th century. |
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Francisco Pizarro
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1476 – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Inca Empire and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru.
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ordinance of discovery (Aztec)
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Catholic Missionaries (natives)
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missionaries to the native Americans included Jonathan Edwards, the well known preacher of the Great Awakening, who in his later years retired from the very public life of his early career. He became a missionary to the Housatonic Native Americans and a staunch advocate for them against cultural imperialism.
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St. Augustine 1565
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Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorer and admiral, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, it is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city and port in the United States.
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Ecomiendas
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a labor system that was employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. In the encomienda, the crown granted a person a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility. The receiver of the grant was to protect the natives from warring tribes and to instruct them in the Spanish language and in the Catholic faith.[1] In return, they could exact tribute from the natives in the form of labor, gold or other products, such as in corn, wheat or chickens.
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Pueblo Revolt
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an uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico.
Many of the Pueblo people harboured a latent hostility toward the Spanish, primarily due to their denigration and prohibition of the traditional religion. |
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Mestizo
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a Spanish term that was used during the Spanish colonial period in Latin America to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry.
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John Cabot
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1450 – c. 1499) was an Italian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of North America is commonly held to be the first European voyage to the continent since Norse exploration of the Americas in the early eleventh century.
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Richard Hakluyt
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1553 – 23 November 1616) was an English writer. He is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works
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Doctrine of Predestination
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a doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world. In the words of the Westminster Confession of Faith, God "freely and unchangeably ordained whatsoever comes to pass
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The English Reformation
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series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
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John Calvin
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10 July 1509 – 27 May 1564) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism.
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Puritan Sepratists
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were a significant grouping of English-speaking Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Lord De Lawar
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July 9, 1577 – June 7, 1618) was the Englishman after whom the bay, the river, and, consequently, an American Indian people and U.S. state, all later called "Delaware", were named.
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Elizabeth the I
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7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen regnant of England and Queen regnant of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.
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Coureurs De Bois
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an individual who engaged in the fur trade without permission from the French authorities.
operated during the late 17th century and early 18th century in eastern North America, particularly in New France. |
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New Amsterdam
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was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland. It later became New York City.
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West India Company
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it was granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies (meaning the Caribbean) by the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands and given jurisdiction over the African slave trade, Brazil, the Caribbean, and North America.
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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1552 – 29 October 1618) was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy and explorer who is also largely known for popularising tobacco in England.
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Roanoke
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tribe were a Carolina Algonquian-speaking people whose territory comprised present-day Dare County, Roanoke Island and part of the mainland at the time of English exploration and colonization
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James I
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1603 to 1625.
he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, Elizabeth I, who died without issue.[2] He then ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland for 22 years, often using the title King of Great Britain, until his death at the age of 58.[3] |
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Jamestown
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was the first successful English settlement on the mainland of North America.[1] Named for King James I of England, Jamestown was founded in the Colony of Virginia on May 14, 1607
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john smith
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(January 1580 – June 21, 1631) Admiral of New England was an English soldier, explorer, and author. He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Virginia Indian girl Pocahontas.
He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay |
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tobacco
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it quickly became popularized as a trade item for the Europeans.
This popularization led to the development of the southern economy of the United States until it gave way to cotton. |
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Virginia Colony
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was the English colony in British America that existed briefly during the 16th century, and then continuously from 1607 until the American Revolution.
he name Virginia was first applied by Sir Walter Raleigh and Queen Elizabeth I in 1584. |
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head right system
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a legal grant of land to settlers. Head rights are most notable for their role in the expansion of the thirteen British colonies in North America; the Virginia Company of London gave head to settlers, and the Plymouth Company followed suit. Most head rights were for 1 to 100 acres (of land, and were given to anyone willing to cross the Atlantic Ocean and help populate the colonies.
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Powhatan
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is the name of a Virginia Indian[1] tribe. It is also the name of a powerful group of tribes which they dominated. It is estimated that there were about 14,000-21,000 of these native Powhatan people in eastern Virginia when the English settled Jamestown in 1607.
They were also known as Virginia Algonquians, as they spoke an eastern-Algonquian language known as Powhatan. |
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Maryland/Calvert
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an unincorporated community in Cecil County, Maryland, United States, about 6 miles east of Rising Sun. It is named for George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore.
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proprietary rule
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as unpopular in South Carolina almost from the start, mainly because propertied immigrants to the colony hoped to monopolize fundamental constitutions of Carolina as a basis for government.
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toleration act
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granted freedom of worship to Nonconformists who had taken the oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy and formally rejected transubstantiation.
Protestants who dissented from the Church of England such as Baptists and Congregationalists but not to Catholics. |
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bacon's rebellion
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was an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part
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mayflower compact
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was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the colonists, later t known as the Pilgrims, who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower.
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William bradford
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(March 19, 1590 – May 9, 1657) was an English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts, and was elected thirty times to be the Governor after John Carver died.
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colonial currency
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went though several stages of development in the colonial and post revolutionary history of the united states.
foreign coins like the Spanish dollar were widely circulated Because few coins were minted in the thirteen colonies. |
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John Winthrop
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(12 January 1588– 26 March 1649) obtained a royal charter, along with other wealthy Puritans, from King Charles I for the Massachusetts Bay Company and led a group of English Puritans to the New World in 1630.
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theocratic society
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a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler, or in a higher sense, a form of government in which a state is governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided.
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roger willaim
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(1603 – between January and March 1683) was an American Protestant theologian, and the first American proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, he began the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which provided a refuge for religious minorities. Williams started the First Baptist Church in America Providence before leaving to become a Seeker. He was a student of Indian languages and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans.
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Anne Hutchison
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(baptized July 20, 1591 – August 20, 1643) was a pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands and the unauthorized minister of a dissident church discussion group. Hutchinson held Bible meetings for women that soon appealed to men as well. Eventually, she went beyond Bible study to proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons. this offended the colony leadership. A major controversy ensued and after a trial before a jury of officials and clergy, she was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Pequot war
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an armed conflict in 1634-1638 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies (the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes) against the Pequot tribe. The result was the elimination of the Pequot.
Most warriors or otherwise, were killed by the colonists and their allies, or captured and sold into slavery in Bermuda. |
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King Philip's War
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was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of present-day southern New England and English colonists and their Native American allies in 1675–1676. The war is named after the main leader of the Native American side, Meta comet, known to the English as "King Philip". It continued in northern New England even after King Philip was killed, until a treaty was signed at Casco Bay in April 1678
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Narragansett
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town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 16,361 at the 2000 census, but there is a greater population in the summer. The nickname for the town is 'Gansett.' The town of Narragansett occupies a narrow strip of land running along the eastern bank of the Pettaquamscutt River to the shore of Narragansett Bay. It was separated from South Kingstown in 1888, and incorporated as a town in 1901.
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English civil war
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(1642–1651) was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists.
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middle colonies
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the region's production of wheat, grain, and oats,[1][2] were one area of the Thirteen British Colonies in pre-Revolutionary War Northern America
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quakers
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independent religious organizations which all trace their origins to a Christian movement in mid-17th century England and Wales
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William penn
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(October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and founder and "absolute proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U. S. State of Pennsylvania.
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charter of liberties
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was a written proclamation by Henry I of England, issued upon his accession to the throne in 1100. It sought to bind the King to certain laws regarding the treatment of church officials and nobles.
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holy experiment
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was an attempt by the Quakers to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania. They hoped it would show to the world how well they could function on their own without any persecution or dissension.
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California 1760s
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he most populous state in the United States, and the third largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas
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James Oglethorpes
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(22 December 1696 – 30 June 1785) was a British general, a philanthropist, and was the founder of the colony of Georgia. As a social reformer in Britain, he hoped to resettle Britain's poor, especially those in debtors' prison, in the New World
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mercantilism
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an economic theory, thought to be a form of economic nationalism,[1] that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that the global volume of international trade is "unchangeable"
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the navigation acts
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were a series of laws which restricted the use of foreign shipping for trade between England and its colonies, which started in 1651.
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sir Edmond Andros
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(December 6, 1637 – February 24, 1714) was an early colonial English governor in North America, and head of the short-lived Dominion of New England.
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glorious revolution
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was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland and II of Ireland) in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians with an invading army led by the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange) who, as a result, ascended the English throne as William III of England together with his wife Mary II of England
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Cambridge agreement
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was an agreement made on August 29, 1629, between the shareholders of the Massachusetts Bay Company. The Agreement led directly to the foundation of Boston, Massachusetts.
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church of england
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is the officially established Christian church[2] in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches.
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covenant theology
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known as Covenantalism or Federal theology or Federalism is a conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible.
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halfway covenant
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a form of partial church membership created by New England in 1662. It was promoted in particular by the Reverend Solomon Stoddard, who felt that the people of the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose.
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thomas hooker
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(July 5, 1586 – July 7, 1647) was a prominent Puritan religious and colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts.
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say brook platform
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refers to conservative religious proposals adopted at Saybrook, Connecticut in September 1708
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joint stock company
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s a type of business entity: it is a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more legal persons.
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cavaliers 1642-47
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he name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War (1642–1651).
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john cocke
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(May 30, 1925 – July 16, 2002) was an American computer scientist recognized for his large contribution to computer architecture and optimizing compiler design.
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