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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who were the Incas?
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-Andes mountains, modern Peru
-conquered by Pizarro -thought Spanish were gods -worshiped ancestors |
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who were the Mayas?
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-central America, Yucatan Peninsula
-did human sacrifice - |
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who were the Aztecs?
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-modern day mexico
-did lots of human sacrifice -conquered by Cortes -made everyone else give them food, tribute -had social system |
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what was chaco canyon?
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-hub of extensive and economic system
-drew in goods and commodites -dirtcted affairs over a wide region |
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who were the woodland Indians?
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-had a place in the woodland area
-relied on natural resources to live -hunted buffalo, deer, etc. |
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what were mobile societies?
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-Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas until settled down
-moved from place to place until found a pleasing place to settle |
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who was Leif Erickson?
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-first person in the Americas
-didn't get credit because he didn't have a permanent settlement in the Americas |
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Agriculture
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-the cultivating of soil, producing crops, and raising animals; farming
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who was Prince Henry the Navaigator?
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-responsible for the beginning of European exploration and maritime trade
-never sailed on any voyages -made a school for navigation |
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who was Christopher Colombus?
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-itialian explorer
-sponsored by king Ferdinand II Queen Isabella of Spain -4 trips to and from Carribean and South America -thought to be the first to go the Americas |
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who was Ferdinand Magellan?
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-first circumnavigation led
-5 ships 265 men 2 years worth of food |
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who were the Conquistadors?
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-spanish explorers and warriors successfully conquered the Americas in the 16th century
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who was Cortes?
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-spanish explorer
-conquered the Aztecs, Mexico city -killed most of the indians |
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who was Fransisco Pizarro?
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-spanish explorer
-defeated the Inca Empire -established empire city of lima, peru -conquered largest territory and least resources |
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what were Catholic Missionaries (natives)?
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-eurpeans that migrated in the Americas
-main purposeto convert natives to their religon -mostly christian |
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what was St. Agustine?
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-florida
-city established in 1565 -founded by Pedro Menendez |
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what are ecomiendas ?
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- a labor system employed by the Spanish
-crown granted a person certain amount of natives |
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what was Pueblo Revolt?
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-caused because spanish priests tried to supress natives own religon
-indian religous leader Pope raised an uprising -killed hundreds -captured Santa Fe -uprising lasted 12 years -spanish crushed revolt, 1696 |
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what are Mestizo?
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-people with a mixed race
-intermarriage became common |
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who was John Cabot?
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-sailed to northeastern coast of North America
-sponsored by King Henry VII -other English navigators continued for the northwast passsage |
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who is Richard Hakluyt?
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-Oxford Clergy
-argued colonies wouldnt create new markets for the English |
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what was the Doctrine of Predestination?
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-John Calvin introduced the doctrine
-god elected people to be saved and condemned (before birth) |
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what was the English Reformation?
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-dispute betweeen king and pope
-king henry II started the reformation |
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who ws John Calvin?
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-created own religon
-believed peopl's salvation prepicked by God -intelligant, thinker man |
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how is jamestown significant?
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-first stable colony in North America
- in Virginia, 1607 |
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what was the charter of liberties?
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-First Bill of Rights-people were allowed to elect own officials
-Foundation of women’s right’s and slavery |
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what were the black codes?
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-authorized officials to apprehend unemployed blacks
-couldnt learn know how to read or write |
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what was the Mayflower Compact?
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-agreement between the pilgrims and the king
-they supported the king -king didnt agree |
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who was William Penn?
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-(supported the Quakers) believed in personal relationship between God and self
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who was Anne Hutchinson?
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-antagonized leaders of colony that people who up for election no right for spiritual office
-promoted women’s rights |
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what was the Peqout War?
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-puritan victory over the Indians
-puritans wanted to get rid of natives -attacked small villages w/high natives populations -400 men and women were killed,burned and beaten to death -biblical passages to show reason to the extermination |
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what was King's Phillips War?
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-Metacon (leader)
-52/90 were attacked by Metacon tribes -English allied with other Indians |
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what was the Toleration Act?
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-an act made in Maine
-allowed any religion to practice beliefs |
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what was the headright system?
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-a grant that gave people 100 or 50 acres to people who went to the New World
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who were the Quakers?
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- a religious group that settled in Pennlysivia
-supporter William Penn -faith that emerged as a new christan denomation, believed in personal relationship with Jesus |
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what were the Middle colonies?
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-also known as bread colonies,
breadbasket -region production of wheat, grain, corn |
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who was James Oglethorpe?
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-was a general
-established Georgia -didn't let the people drink rum, couldn't have slaves |
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what was the holy experiment?
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-an attempt by the Quakers to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania
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what was Cambridge argeement?
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- an agreement made in August 29, 1629
-between shareholders of the Massachuttes Bay Company |
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who was John Locke?
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-oxford scholar
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who was John Winthrop?
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-affluent and educated gentleman, forceful character
-very helpful organizing migration, commanded an journey that sailed for England in 1630 -carried w/him charter the Massachusetts Bay Company, meant the people are responsible for themselves --controlled colonial politics and original corporation |
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What was the the Ordinances of Discovery?
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-third phase of the spanish empire history
-1570's new spanish laws banned the most brutal military conquests |
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what were the Cavaliers, what did they do?
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-a military force that supported the king
-fought against purtians (roundheads) |
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who was John Smith?
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-introduced work ethic to Jamestown colony sanitation,
-diplomat to local Native American tribes -had fought Spanish and Turks |
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what was the the Halfway Covenant?
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-New Englanders who did not wish to relate their conversion experiences could become half-way saints
-children would be able to have the opportunity to be saints |
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what exaclty is mercantilism?
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-ensured trade with mother country, nationalism
-restrictive on colonial economy, not voted on by colonists |
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who was Roger Williams?
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-challenged New Englanders to completely separate Church from State
-the church banished him |
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what was the Bacon's Rebellion?
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-Nathianel Baconl lead an army east of jamestown
-burned the city and drove the governor in exile -almost took command of Virginia |
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why was William Bradford important?
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-English leader of the settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts
-elected 30 times to be governor |
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what were the Navigation Acts made for?
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-regulate colonial commerce even for strictly
1.closed colonies to all trade except English ships 2.all goods being shipped through Europe must pass through England |
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what was the English Civil War, and how did it start?
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-charles I dissolved the parliment
-began ruling in an absolute monarch -people got angry formed and army against him -later the king was taken over |
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how was tabacco useful and harmful in the 1600s?
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-major factor of trade
-exhausted the soil for a few years -growers needed more and large land |
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what was the Glorious Revolution?
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-William and Mary kicked James II out of England (exiled into France), allowed more power to the legislatures
-no blood was spilled |
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what was the Joint Stock Company?
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-a company that is a corporation and some partnership
-sells transferable stock - Virgina Co. was the first |
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what was the city of Roanoke?
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-founded in 1585 22 years before Jamestown
-leader Raleigh asked the queen to grant a patent to colonize in America -people were ill prepared -went back to England |
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who is Sir Walter Raleigh?
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-British explorer
-asked the queen for a grant so it would allow them to go the Americas -colony was lost -later accused for plotting against the king |
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who was Sir Edmund Andros?
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-was appionted by the James II to be a single govenor
-supervised the entire region from Boston -had crude and arbitrary tactics made him unpopular |
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how was California in 1760s?
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-spaniards in california because english, french heading in the direction
-governor of Baja California ordered create outposts further north -Indian laborers |
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how was Maryland and calverts related?
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-George Calvert envisioned establishing a colony
-Maryland founded circumstances different from Virginia |
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who were the Purtian Separatists?
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-purtians that were determined to worship as they pleased
-women permitted to serve as preachers -some puritans resisted separatism |
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what does Coureurs de Bois mean?
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-adventurous fur traders and trappers
-went into far into the wilderness and develped and extensive trade |
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what is the Duch West India Company?
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-established a series of permanent trading posts on the Hudson, delware, and connecticut rivers
-encourged settlement of the region all across Europe |
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why is New Amsterdam inprotant?
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- New Neverland's principle town
-pop. diverse -stayed relatively small -had a series of weak leaders |
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who was James I?
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-created serious tensions between himself and the parliment
-want to cliam the divine rights of the king -had harsh polices worsened when he died |
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what is the Theocratic Society?
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-it was a theocracy society in which the line between church and state was hard to see
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what did thomas Hooker do that was improtant?
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-minister of Newtown (Cambridge)
-led congregation through wilds to establish a town of Hartford -4 years later 2 towns made and own constitution |
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who was Elizabeth the I?
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-known as "the Virgin queen"
-granted permission for Raleigh to go to the Americas -she didnt offer finanicial assistance |
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what was it like on the Plymouth Plantation?
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-1608 Separatists were slowly emigrating
-pilgrims developed a fur trade -in a decade the population reached 300 -never stop believing in God, lived godly ways |
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what was the Virginia Co.?
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-used to be called London Company
-made by King james I -was a joint stock corporation -was a crown colony -spent most of its money in Jamestown, became bankrupt |
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what is the Proprietary Rule?
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-organized in the 17th century in territories granted by the English Crown
-to one or more proprietors who had full governing rights. |
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who was Lord De lawarr?
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-colony's first govenor
-gave harsh and rigid dicipline -organized the settlers into gangs -didnt function for long -settlers needed incentives -colony propurous through rough times |
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who were the Narragansetts and why were they improtant?
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-tribe, Algonquian Native American tribe from Rhode Island.
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who were the Powhatans?
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-lived in Virginia, where they famously interacted with the Jamestown colony
-english lead assults against them -kidnapped pocahantes, went to Europe |
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what was the colonial currency at the time?
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-three general types of money in the colonies
-commodity money, specie (coins), and paper money |
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what was the church of England (Anglican), what did they believe?
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-Anglican Church evolved as part of the Roman church
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what kind of document was a Sabrook Platform?
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-document attempted stem the tide of disunity among the established Congregational churches restore discipline among both the clergy and their congregations
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what is a Covenant Theology?
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-conceptual overview and interpretive framework for understanding the overall flow of the Bible
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