Chapter 1

Front 1

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Back 1

the coordinating organization for the US national system of standards for both technology and non technology. It does NOT produce the standards.

Front 2

Application Layer (Layer 7)

Back 2

is the end users access to the network. The primary purpose is to provide a set of utilities for application programs.

Front 3

Application Service Provider (ASP)

Back 3

an application service develops an application system and companies purchase the service without ever installing the software on their own computers. They use service similar to using a web service.

Front 4

AT&T

Back 4

American Telephone and Telegraph Company; registered in 1885

Front 5

Backbone Network (BN)

Back 5

a large network to which many networks within an organization are connected. It usually is a network that interconnects all networks on a single site but
can be larger if it connects all organizations terminals etc.

Front 6

bps

Back 6

bits per second; the basic unit of data communication
rate measurement

Front 7

Broadband communication cable

Back 7

originally, the term refrred to analog communications, but is now meaning high speed communications networks, typically Internet access technologies with access speeds of 1 Mbps or higher

Front 8

Cable

Back 8

AKA
circuits

Front 9

CA*net

Back 9

is the Canadian network that forms part of Internet2

Front 10

Circuit

Back 10

the path over which the voice, data, or image transmission travels. They can be twisted wire pairs, coaxial cables, fiber optic, microwave transmissions etc.

Front 11

Client (define) (3 Major Categories)

Back 11

the input-output hardware device at the users end of communication circuit. The three major categories are: microcomputers, terminals and special purpose terminals.

Front 12

Common
Carrier

Back 12

an organization in the business of providing regulated telephone, telegraph, telex, and data communications services, such as AT&T, MCI,
Bell-South.

Front 13

Convergence

Back 13

integration of voice, video, and data communication

Front 14

Data Link Layer (Layer 2)

Back 14

is responsible for moving a message from one computer to the next computer in the network path from the sender to
the receiver. 3 functions: controls the phyiscal layer by deciding when to transmit messages over media. 2. formats the messages by indicating start/end. 3. detects and corrects any errors that occurred during transmission.

Front 15

Extranet

Back 15

using the Internet to provide access to information intended for a selected set of users, not public at large. Usually by password to access.

Front 16

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Back 16

a board of seven commissioners appointed by the US President under Communication Act of 1934, having pwoer to regulate all interstate and foreign electrical communication systems originating in US

Front 17

File
Server

Back 17

stores data and software that can be used by computers on the network

Front 18

Gbps

Back 18

gigabit per second; 1 GB is equal to 1 billion bps.

Front 19

Hardware
Layer

Back 19

the name for group of layers Physical and Data Link. This is because the data link controls what physical layer in terms of when physical layer can transmit

Front 20

Host
Computer

Back 20

computer that lies at the center of the network. It generally peroforms the basic centralized data processing functions for which the network was designed.

Front 21

Hub

Back 21

network hubs act as junction boxes, permitting new computers to be connected to the network as easily
as pluggin a power cord into an electrical socket, and provide an easy way to connect network cables. They also act as repeaters or amplifiers.

Front 22

Information
Utility

Back 22

is a company that provides a wide range of standardized information services the same way that electric utilities today provide electricity or telephone utilities provide telephone service

Front 23

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Back 23

a professional organization for engineers in the US. Issues standards and belongs to the ANSI and the ISO. Defined numerous standards for networks.

Front 24

International Telecommunications Union
--Telecommunications
Group (ITU-T)

Back 24

international organization that sets worldwide communication standards

Front 25

Intranet

Back 25

using internet protocol on a network internal to an organization so that information is accessible using a browser. Usually by requiring a password and protecting with a firewall.

Front 26

Internetwork
Layer

Back 26

the group of layers, Transport and Network layers, in the OSI model, that are closely coupled.

Front 27

Kbps

Back 27

kilobits per second; A data rate equal to
1000 bps

Front 28

Layers

Back 28

used to accomplish a break in the entire set of communications functions which can easily be defined separately. The layers can be easily updated and improved.

Front 29

Local Area Network (LAN)

Back 29

a network that is locatined in a small geographic area such as an office. It provides a
high-bandwidth, low-cost medium to which many nodes can be connected. LANS are not regulated by FCC

Front 30

Local Exchange Carrier (LEC)

Back 30

local telephone company such as one of the seven regional Bell operating companies (RBOC)

Front 31

Mbps

Back 31

a data range equal to 1,000,000 bps. Sometimes called megabits per second.

Front 32

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Back 32

a network that usually cover a citywide area.
Since Fiber-optic, transmission speeds can vary 2 million and
100 million bps.

Front 33

Monopoly

Back 33

what RBOCs were allowed to be at one time. Having the sole rights or advantages in one industry.

Front 34

Network

Back 34

a series of pointed connected by communication circuits. A private network is a network confined to be used by one person

Front 35

Network Layer (Layer 3)

Back 35

it performs routing in that
is selects the next comuter
to which the message should be sent. Second it can find the address of the computer.

Front 36

Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Model)

Back 36

the seven layer Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model developed by the ISO subcommittee. THe OSI model serves as a logical framework of protocols for computer to computer communications. Facilitates the interconnection of networks

Front 37

Pbps

Back 37

Petebits per second; A data rate equal to 1 quadrillion bits per second

Front 38

Peer to Peer Network

Back 38

networks designed to connect a set of similiar computers that share their data and software with each other

Front 39

Pervasive
Networking

Back 39

means that communication networks will one day be everywhere; virtually any device will be able to communicate with any other device in the world.

Front 40

Physical Layer (Layer 1)

Back 40

physical connection between the sender and receiver. Its role is to transfer a series of electrical, radio, or light signals through the circuit. Physical layer includes all the hardware devices (computers, modems, hubs) and physical media (cables and satellites)

Front 41

Print
Server

Back 41

server which is connected to a printer, manages all printing requests from the clients on the network

Front 42

Protocol

Back 42

formal set of conventions governing the format and control of inputs and outputs between two communicating devices.

Front 43

Protocol Data Unit (PDU)

Back 43

all layers except the Physical Layer, add a PDU to the message as it passes through them. The PDU contains information that is needed to transmit the message through the network. "Packet" = PDU

Front 44

Protocol
Stack

Back 44

set of software required to process a set of protocols

Front 45

Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC)

Back 45

one of seven companies created after divestiture of the old Bell system to provide local communications.

Front 46

Request for Comment (RFC)

Back 46

proposed standard for the Internet on which anyone in the world is invited to comment.

Front 47

Router

Back 47

device that connects two similar networks having the same network protocol. It also chooses the best route between two networks when there are multiple paths between them.

Front 48

Server

Back 48

computer that provides a particluar service to the client computers on the network. In larger LANs the servcer is dedicated to being a servers. In P2P LANs, the server may be both a server and a client computer.

Front 49

Standards

Back 49

ensure that hardware and software produce by different vendors can work together. They are developed by official industry or government body.

Front 50

Tbps

Back 50

Terabits per second; A data rate equal to 1 trillion bits per second.

Front 51

Transport Layer (Layer 4)

Back 51

performs 2 functions: 1. Responsible for linking the application layer software to network and established ened to end connections between the sender and receiver. 2. it is repsonsible for breaking long messages into several smaller messages. It can also detect lost messages and request resend.

Front 52

Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Back 52

intermixing voice and data on the same physical cable; Vonage, Skype for example permit you to use
your network connection to make an

Front 53

Web
Server

Back 53

a web server stores information in a series of text files called pages. These text files or pages use a structured language called HTML to store their information.

Front 54

Wide Area
Network

Back 54

network spanning a large geographical area. Its nodes can span city, state, or national boundaries. WANs typically use circuits provided by common carriers