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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Ablative of Accompaniment
page 17 |
requires preposition
cum + abl. "with, accompanied by" |
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Ablative of Cause
page 110 |
no preposition
expresses the cause or reason for a quality or verbal action "because of" |
Incolae *īrā* atque *odiō* bellum gerēbant.
The inhabitants were waging war *because of anger* and *hatred.* |
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Ablative of Comparison
page 280 |
no preposition
When someone or something is compared to what is viewed as the "absolute standard" of a particular quality, the Ablative of Comparison is used instead of quam and the same case. |
Patria mihi *vītā* meā est cārior.
The homeland is dearer to me *than my life.* |
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Ablative of Degree of Difference
page 280 |
no preposition
A noun, or more commonly, a neuter singular substantive in the ablative case is used to indicate "the degree" or "amount" by which persons or things being compared differ. |
*Multō* altior est fīlius quam pater.
The son is *much* taller than (his) father. Multīs ante *diēbus* Rōmā discessit. He departed from Rome many *days* earlier. |
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Ablative of Description
page 229 |
no preposition
When a noun in the ablative case modified by an adjective is used to describe another noun. |
Sōlus cum multīs hostibus pugnābat. Erat enim magnā *virtūte.*
He alone was fighting with many enemies. For he was of great *courage.* |
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Ablative of Time When
page 159 |
no preposition
Used to express "the point in time when" the action of a verb occurs. "at____" [or] "on____" |
Eā *nocte* Pompeius oppidum cēpit.
*On* that *night* Pompey took the town. |
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Ablative of Manner
page 58 |
no prepostion
expresses the way or manner in which an action is performed When a noun functioning as an ablative of manner is not modified by an adjective, the prepostion cum + abl. must be used. When a noun is modified by an adjective, cum + abl. is optional. |
Agricolae cum *studiō* labōrābant.
The farmers were working *with zeal.* Magnā (cum) *cūrā* in viā ambulābō. I shall walk in the street *with great care.* |
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Ablative of Means/Instrument
page 17 |
no preposition
"by means of" "the instrument by means of" which" |
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Ablative of Origin
page 229 |
(a variety of Ablative of Separation)
with or without preposition ē/ex + abl. = (out) from dē + abl. = (down) from reports parentage or ancestry |
Aenēās *(ē) deā* nātus est.
Aeneas was born *from a goddess.* |
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Ablative of Personal Agent
page 57 |
requires preposition
ā/ab + abl. = by agent or person by whom the action of the verb is done |
Fīlius *ā rēgīnā* vocābātur.
The son was being summoned *by the queen.* |
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Ablative of Place From Which
page 111 |
with or without preposition
ā/ab + abl. = (away) from ē/ex + abl. = (out) from dē + abl. = (down) from the prepositions are omitted with names of cities, towns, and small islands, and the nouns domus and rūs. |
*Ab Italiā* vēlā dedimus.
We set sail *(away) from Italy.* Agēbāmur *ex patriā.* We were being driven *out from the country.* *Rōmā* discēdam. I shall depart *from Rome.* |
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Ablative of Place Where
page 111 |
requires preposition
expresses idea of location in + abl. = in, on sub + abl. = under; at the foot of; near prō + abl. = in front of; on behalf of, for; in return for, instead of (in used with most frequency) |
*In oppidō* erant multī nautae.
*In the town* there were many sailors. |
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Ablative of Time Within Which
page 159 |
no prepostion
Used to express "limited period of time within which" the action of a verb occurs. "within____" [or] "in____" |
Paucīs *diēbus* Vergilius magnum carmen perficiet.
*(With)in* a few *days* Vergil will complete a great poem. |
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Ablative of Price
page 377 |
no prepostion
Used with verbs of "buying, selling, valuing, and exchanging" "the price at which" something is bought or sold |
Ista fēmina virī vītam *aurō* vendidit.
That contemptible woman sold the life of her husband *for gold.* *Magnō (pretiō)* ab omnibus virtūs aestimātur. Excellence is valued *at a great price* by all people. |
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Ablative of Respect
page 76 |
no preposition
used to "limit" or "further specify" the meaning of an adjective or verb. "with/in respect to" Meā sententiā = in my opinion, with respect to my opinion |
Bonus *cōnsiliō* erat Gracchus.
Gracchus was good *in (respect to) judgement.* *Meā sententiā* imperium habēre dēbēs. *In my opinion* you ought to have power. |
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Ablative of Separation
page 110 |
most often with no preposition
with prepostion: ā/ab + abl. = (away) from ē/ex + abl. = (out) from dē + abl. = (down) from sine + abl. = without apart from someone or something |
Vir magnus populum *perīculō* līberābit.
The great man will free the people *from danger.* |
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Absolute Ablative
page 226 |
no preposition
ablative that is "accompanied by a circumstantial participle and unconnected in syntax" with the rest of the sentence. (absolūtus = having been freed from) |
*Mīlitibus discēdentibus,* omnēs cīvēs ob timōrem fugiēbant.
*(With) the soldiers departing,* all the citizens on account of fear were fleeing. *When the soldiers were departing...* *Because the soldiers were departing...* *Although the soldiers were departing...* |
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Supine as Ablative of Respect
page 478 |
no preposition
The ablative supine is an Ablative of Respect. |
Hostēs *oppugnātum* patriam nostram *veniunt.*
the enemies *are coming for the purpose of attacking/to attack* our country. Deōs superat - sī hoc fās est *dictū.* He surpasses the gods - if this thing is right *in respect to saying/to say.* |
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Ablative replacing Dative of Agent with passive periphrastic
page 228 |
no preposition
A noun in the dative case is usually used with a passive periphrastic to express the "agent" or "person by whom" the action of the verb must be done. |
Carmen *mihi* scrībendum est.
A poem must be written *by me.* |
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Locative Case
page 111 |
Used for the names of cities, towns, and small islands, and the nouns domus and rūs.
Endings sometimes resemble either genitive or ablative endings. Memorize: domī = at home rūrī = in the country Rōmae = in/at Rome Athēnīs = in/at Athens Carthāginī [or] Carthāgine = in/at Carthage |
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