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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ways to examine the structure of the human body |
inspection palpation auscultation perussion |
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cadaver dissection |
cutting and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships |
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medical imaging |
viewing the inside of the body without surgery |
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gross anatomy |
study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye |
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histology |
examination of cells with a microscope |
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physicians in mesopotamia and egypt used? |
herbal drugs, salts and physical therapy |
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Hippocrates, the Greek Physician |
-"father of medicine" - code of ethics (Hippocratic Oath) - do no harm |
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Aristotle? |
-one of the first to write about antomy and physiology - believed that complex structures are built from simpler parts - theologi - supernatural -physiologi- natural causes |
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Jewish Physician Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon) |
-wrote 10 influential medical texts |
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Avicenna (Ibn Sina) from Muslim world? |
-the Galen of Islam -Wrote the Canon of Medicine |
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Andreas Vesalius? |
-barbering and surgery were considered "kindred arts of the knife' -performed his own dissections rather than the barber-surgeons -published first atlas of anatomy - on the structure of the human body |
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William Harvey |
-birth of experimental physiology - realized blood flows out from heart and back to it again |
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Robert Hooke? |
-made many improvements to the compound microscope -magnified only 30x |
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek |
-invented a Simple microscope with great magnification - could see lake water, sperm, bacteria |
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Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann |
-concluded that all organisms were composed of cells -first tenet of cell theory |
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Francis Bacon |
-bottom up - making numerous observations until one becomes confident in drawing generalizations and predictions from them - deductive reasoning - that knowledge acquired and apply it to an individual case |
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Karl Popper |
Falsifiability |
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selection pressures |
natural forces that promote the reproductive success of some individuals more than others |
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homologous |
same origin (common ancestor) -ex. dolphin fin and arm |
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analogous |
same structure/function, not necessarily same ancestor -ex. dolphin and shark fin |
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vestigial structures |
no longer used now but once were |
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vestigial organs |
remnants of organs that no serve no purpose - ex. piloerector muscle, auricularis muscle |
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hieracrchy of complexity |
organisms - organ systems - organs - tissues - cells- organelles - molecules - atoms |
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situs solitus |
normal position of thoracic and abdominal organs |
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situs inversus |
organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions |
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dextrocardia |
heart is located on right side of the bod |
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situs perversus |
inversus reversal of position or location |
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characteristics of life |
organization, reproduction, cellular composition, metabolism, responsiveness and movement, homeostasis, development, and evolution |
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claude bernard |
-homeostasis -temp - 97 - 99 degress |
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negative feedback loop - dynamic equilibrium |
-body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse it |
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feedback loops |
-feedback mechanisms alter the original changes that triggered them |
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hormone from pituitary gland? |
-oxytocin |
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Chapter 2 |
Chapter 2 |
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element |
simplest form of matter |
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atomic number |
number of protons in nucleus |
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trace elements chromium |
-may affect glucose metabolism |
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trace elements: copper |
-biological electron transport and oxygen |
