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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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INCAS
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largest empire in pre-columbian history. Cusco was their capital. start in 13th century. end 16th century
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MAYAS
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noted for only known developed written language. Art, Archetcture, math, and astronomy. highest development in classical period. established during pre-classical period. decline in 9th century.
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AZTECS
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start 1100 end 1522. powerfullest civilization out there, had blood filled sacrafices, was a war/tribute based civilization.
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CHACO CANYON
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start 1521.
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WOODLAND INDIANS
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prehistoric north american indians of the woodlands. known for the cultivation of crops of the fertile valleys of North Georgia. start before 1000bc and until 1000 AD
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Mobile Societies (Native americans)
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dsfr
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Agriculture(natives)
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bred, cultivated, and domesticated plants and even made new ones (maize and potatoes very important)
start 4,000 years ago . |
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Leif Erickson
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norse explorer known as the first european explorer to land on north america(approximatly 500 years before Columbous). (970-1020)
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Prince Henry The Navigator
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(1394-1460) prince of the kingdom of portugal, begining of the European worldwide explorations and maritime trade.
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Christopher Columbus
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(1451-1506)first explorer who sailed to the americas. thought he was going to asia, misscalculated the distance.
1492 he was the first to teach the americas |
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indentured servants
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people from Europe whom where brought over to America as a source of labor.
led to many free landless men. |
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puritans
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a group of people who where discontent with the church in england. they settled in the colonies in America.
1500-1600 they established Massachusetts. |
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john winthrop
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he was the leader of puritans.
1630 established the center government of Boston. |
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king philips war
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Indians vs. colonists/settlers
1662 one of the most disastrous wars in history and it threatened new england. |
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the headright system
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system that provided land for new settlers in order to solve the labor shortage.
1618 it helped with Virginians success and it gave people to work hard for their own benefit. |
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the calverts
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established Maryland
1634 tried to establish a really catholic colony, but failed |
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bacons rebellion
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settlers uprising against the colonial government of Virginia.
1675-1676 showed the unstableness of a large group of landless men |
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william penn
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he founded Pennsylvania
1682 he was a quaker and his colony set a important example of liberty |
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quakers
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members of the religious society of friends that emerged in the late 1600 in england
they where the founders of Pennsylvania. |
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merchantilism
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system of political economy that sought to enrich the country by restraining imports and encouraging exports.
its was a dominated western European economic thought from the 1600-1700 |
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navigation acts
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passed by the English parliment they where originally aimed at excluding the dutch from the profits made by the English trade. based on the merchantalist theory.
1650-1696. |
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roger william
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he was the founder of rhode island.
1650s colony was established as a result of Massachusetts strict laws. |
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anne hutchinson
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opposed the Massachusetts clergy
1591-1643 questioned the roles of a puritan female |
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john coodes rebellion
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a protestant uprising against the catholic leaders.
1689 they took over the catholic side of the power |
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agriculture
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production of food through farming.
800 bce people depend on the production of food through agriculture |
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Who: A Portuguese explorer. He was born in Portugal, but later obtained Spanish nationality in order to serve King Charles I of Spain in search of a westward route to the "Spice Islands
When: Early 16th century Significance: Magellan's expedition became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean, and the first to cross the Pacific. It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth |
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The Conquistadores
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Who: Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain.
When: 15th through 19h century Significance: Extended Spanish rule over much of South America. |
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Hernán Cortés
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Who: Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
When: Early 16th century Significance: Led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile. |
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Francisco Pizarro
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Who: A Spanish conquistador. He accompanied Vasco Núñez de Balboa in his crossing of the Isthmus of Panama and they became the first Europeans to view the Pacific coast of the New World.
When: 16th century Significance: Conquered the Incan Empire and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru |
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Encomiendas
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What: System of tributary labor established in Spanish America. Developed as a means of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply.
When: late 15th century through mid-16th century Significance: It gave the conquistador control over the native populations by requiring them to pay tribute from their lands, which were "granted" to deserving subjects of the Spanish crown. The natives often rendered personal services as well. In return the grantee was theoretically obligated to protect his wards, to instruct them in the Christian faith, and to defend their right to use the land for their own subsistence |
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Mestizo
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Who: People of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry.
Contents When: 16th century - 17th century Significance: Bicultural and bilingual, making them natural ambassadors between the two groups. |
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John Cabot
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Who: An Italian navigator and explorer
When: late 15th century Significance: Commonly held to be the first European voyage to North America since Norse exploration of the Americas in the early eleventh century |
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Richard Hakluyt
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Who: an English writer. Principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works.
When: 16th century - early 17th century Significance: He was the chief promoter of a petition to James I for letters patent to colonize Virginia, which were granted to the London Company and Plymouth Company (referred to collectively as the Virginia Company) in 1606. |
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Doctrine of Predestination
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What: Deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world.
When: 16th century Significance: refers to the belief that God appointed the eternal destiny of some to salvation by grace, while leaving the remainder to receive eternal damnation for all their sins, even their original sin. |
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The English Reformation
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What: The Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
When: 16th century Significance: a religious and political movement which affected the practice of Christianity across most of Europe during this period. The decline of feudalism and the rise of nationalism, the rise of the common law, the invention of the printing press and increased circulation of the Bible. |
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John Calvin
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Who: An influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation.
When: 16th century Significance: He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism |
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Elizabeth I
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Who: Was Queen regnant of England and Queen regnant of Ireland. Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.
When: 16th century Significance:support the establishment of an English Protestant church. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement held firm throughout her reign and later evolved into today's Church of England. |
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Coureurs de Bois
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What: Was an individual who engaged in the fur trade without permission from the French authorities.
When: late 17th century and early 18th century Significance: Brought in so many furs that the market was oversupplied. |
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Who: An English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy and explorer who is also largely known for popularising tobacco in England.
When: 16th - 17th century Significance: Sailed to find the "City of Gold," publishing an exaggerated account of his experiences in a book that contributed to the legend of "El Dorado |
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James I
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Who: King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and Ireland as James I. He succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland.
When: 17th century Significance: Authorized King James Version, an English translation of the Christian Holy Bible |
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Coureurs de Bois
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Someone that traded fur illegaly
17th Century - Traded with everyone |
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Puritan Separatists
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A significant grouping of English-speaking Protestants
16th and 17th Centuries - Dominant Religion in Colonial Times |
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Pueblo Revolt 1680
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Rebellion consisting of Native Pueblos against settleing Spaniards
1680 Stated the Natives voice on Spanish invaders |
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St. Augustine 1565
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A city in Northeast section of Florida
1565 it was coloinized so the spanish could fight off the french |
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Catholic Missions
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Religious and Military outposts constructed by the Spanish Catholics
Late 1700s to Early 1800s - Used to spread Christian Fiath among local Native Americans |
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John Smith
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He is an English soldier, explorer, and author. 1580-1631. He is remembered for establishing Jamestown, being captured by Indians but being saved by tribal chief daughter Pocahontas, and writing/drawing several maps and maps that helped pave colonization into the new world.
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Headright System
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a legal grant of land to settlers
1600-1763 given to anyone willing to cross the Atlantic Ocean and help populate the american colonies |
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Jointstock Company
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Corporation or partnership involving two or more legal persons.
During the Colonial period paid out dividends to their shareholders by dividing up profits to the shareholders (trading company) December 31, 1600. |
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Jamestown
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was made of all men because they wanted to get rich quick and had a sense of adventure until Jamestown flourished into a full community. formed in May 14th, 1607. the first permanent English establishment on American soil that was almost wiped out for various reasons (Indians, winter, disease) that paved the road for other colonist to live in America.
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new amsterdam
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*Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherlands
(1614 - 1674) tempting to find the Northwest Passage for the Dutch East India Company. news about the possibility of exploitation of beaver pelts in the area, leading to private commercial interest by the Dutchl |
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church of england(angelican)
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official established church in england18th century
oldest angelican church in england |
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covenenat theology
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constasted with dispensational theology
19th century majority of protestant, favored by the calvins. |
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halfway covenant
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1662
promoted by reverend solomon stoddard, who felt that the pople of the english colonies where drifting away from their original religions of those from the begining |
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thomas hooker
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1586-1647
he founded the Colony of Connecticut after arriving with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts |
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cavaliers
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name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War.
1642-1647 supporters of the king at the time |
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john locke
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wrote many books and thesis and essays. was a scholar.
1632-1704 life liberty and the pursuit of happiness |
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plant agriculturally
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grown by slaves (southern colonies)
1600s till today grown by slaves, was in high demand during the colonial period, popular cash crop |
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virginia company
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joint stock companies, started by james 1
1600s wanted to establish more colonies in north america |
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powhatans
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1600s
john smith visited this specific tribe, the powhatans where visited by many of the first explorers *pochantis was in this tribe |
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maryland and the calverts
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calverts settled in maryland,
maryland founded in 1634 founded by cecil calvert, wanted to create a big refuge for catholics who where being prosecuted in protestant england |
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propriety rule
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1719
was unpopular with south carolina because it propertied immigrants to the colony, government was monopolized. north carolina remained under proprietary rule. |
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toleration act
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1649
law requiring religious tolerance in the British North American colonies and created the first legal limitations on hate speech in the world. |
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plymouth plantation
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was an English colonial venture in North America
1620 to 1691. The first settlement was at New Plymouth, a location previously surveyed and named by Captain John Smith, served as the capital of the colony, is today the modern town of Plymouth, Massachusetts |
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mayflower compact
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was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony.
1620 known as Pilgrims |
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william bradford
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the plymouth governer
1590-1657 credited as the first to proclaim what every american views as thanksgiving |
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colonial currency
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money used by the colonial people.
1700s trade was used as a means of currency, later money was introduced, like coins from the spanish. soon the british parlaiment passed the currency acts in 1751 that regulated the colonial paper money |
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black codes
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codes that all blacks should obey
it includes: property for life: they would have to go to church, obey their master, no education, and even if they where christian, they wouldnt have even a close chance to equal rights. |
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theocratic society
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where god rules or governs
society where priests rule medieval times many catholics wanted a society like this as well in the colonies |
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charter of liberties
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written by henry 1
1100 sought to bring the king to certain laws regarding the treatment of the church officials and nobles. |
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pequot war
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war between puritans and the pequots
1636 coneticut men attack small villages and kill many natives.reason for creating the new england confederation |
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the narragansetts
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algonquian native tribe in rhode island
17th century werent really affected by the dieseases, took in other tribes that where massacred in wars against the settlers. had many disputes with the colonists. |
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english civil war
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the colonists where affected by the english civil war.
1600s all colonists where separating and creating their own government |
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middle colonies
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part of northern america. known as the bread colonies. part of new netherland colonies until the british took over
the middle colonies consisit of delaware, new jersey, new york, and pennsylvania. |
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holy experiment
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attempted by the quakers
17th or 18th century wanted to establish a community for themselves in pennsylvania. show how well they could function on their own with out any guidance. (william penn) |
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california
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1st settled by the spanish as one of their colonies.
they soon lost it to the americans as they where expanding. 1760s gold was found in the colonies and started the gold rush |
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sir edmund andros
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hated hin because he forbid town meetings, all land titles where revoked, set resrtictions on the court, taxed without consent, enforced navigation laws ans supressed smuggling.
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glorious revolution
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overthrow of king james the 2nd
1688 bloddless reveloution, all about religion |
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saybrook company
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Refers to conservative religious proposals adopted at Saybrook, Connecticut in September 1708.
The document attempted to stem the tide of disunity among the established Congregational churches and restore discipline among both the clergy and their congregations. The platform provided for "associations" of pastors and elders and "consociations" of churches, each with broad powers to rule in disputes between churches, to proceed against erring churches and pastors, and to license the latter. |
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tobacco
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plant agriculturally grown by slaves at one point.used as a drug
1600s till today grown by slaves, was in high demand during the colonial period, popular cash crop |
