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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Combridge Agreement
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-England,
- on 26 August 1629, - twelve Puritan members of the Massachusetts Bay Company led by John Winthrop signed an agreement - which they pledged to emigrate with their families to New England. |
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John Smith
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-English adventurer and soldier, one of the founders of Jamestown.
-Was one of the 105 settlers that on England on Dec. 19, 1606, & landed in Virginia on April 26, 1607. -He led a small expedition exploring the Chesapeake Bay area. |
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Jamestown
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- an island located in the Historic triangle of Virginia.
- first permanent English settlement in the new world - first democratically assembly met there in 1619 - was found on May 14, 1607 |
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Joint Stock Company
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- has many sources in medieval Europe
- was the tradition of dividing ownership over tangible things into shares. - there are two types, private and public companies |
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Indentured servant
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- was a worker; laborer or tradesman
- under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time |
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Puritans
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- significant grouping of English speaking Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries
- founded by some Marian exiles - a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England - worked towards religious moral and societal reforms. - population rose from 17,800 in 1640 to 106,000 in 1700 |
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John winthrop
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- (1588-1649)
-born in Edwardston - died in Boston - lead a group of English Puritians to the New World in 1630 |
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King Philips War
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- Colonist' hunger for land and their heavy-handed treatment of Natives led to one of the most disastrous wars in American history
- In 1675, the war, named for the Wampanoag leader Metacom (or King Philip), broke out in the town of Swansea. - Hostilities spread north and west, soon threatening much of New England. |
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The Headright systems
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- the headright system was introduced as a means to solve the labor shortage in 1618
- Colonists already residing in Virginia were granted two headrights, - New settlers who paid their own passage to Virginia were granted one headright |
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The Calverts
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- was a member of a family that dates back to 1366 in Yorkshire, England
- was born in 1580, in England - his father was Leonard Calvert, and his mother Grace Crossland -Cecil Calvert, second Lord Baltimore; born August 8, 1605; died November 30, 1675. |
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Bacon's Rebellion
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- the tobacco planters in Virginia were no longer able to sell to customers in France.
-Bacon claimed to be a champion for those who lived on the frontier and were exposed to the threat of harm by Indians. |
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William Penn
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-founder of Pennsylvania
- famous Quaker - member of the landed gentry - was 'proprietor' of his Pennsylvania manor - born October 14, 1644 - wrote the "Concessions and Agreements" - 1696, William Markham's charter replaced the earlier 'Frame', though when Penn returned in 1701 he would again revise this version - died in 1718 |
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Incas
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- distinct people w/ distinct language
- lived in high land center, Cuzco - ancient people - expanded their influence in the twelfth century. - their social structure was extremely inflexible: top: Incas who exercised, theoritically, absolute power. below: was the Inca was the royal family. bottom: common people. |
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Mayas
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- their coulture has little change from the ancient times to the modern.
- maya culture was largely tribal and rural all through out classic period. - never a "true" urban culture - maya culture is still a vital aspect of Native American life in Guatemala and Honduras. |
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Aztecs
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- came from the remote north
- were migratory, at first wandering around the Mexican valley struggling to survive. - stopped their migratory in 1325. - maintained their subsistence by utilizing fishing, hunting, gathering and gardening techniques. - did not have a written language. - spoked Nahualt. - best known for human sacrifices |
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Chaco Canyon
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- desert country, long winters short growing seasons.
- seems an unlikely place for the Anasazi culture to take root and flourish - thousands of years ago this land was a center of Anasazi life. - in Architecture, the Anasazi of Chaco Canyon reached heights rarely matched and never surpassed by their kindred in the Four Corners region |
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Woodland Indians
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- spread across Northwest Georgia.
- north America was inhabitted by prehistoric Native Americans of the Woodland era. |
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Mobile societies (Native Americans)
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-Unlike other services, Mobile Society allows a confidential and anonymous two-way contact service, for example when communicating sensitive issues to law enforcement agencies, local authorities, schools or other official bodies.
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Agriculture (Natives)
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-The first humans to visit what is now Virginia could hunt animals, gather fruits from trees/vines, and pull handfuls of seeds from wild plants. However, the first humans to visit what is now Virginia were not able to plant, nurture, and harvest a crop - because those first humans lacked the expertise and resources to practice agriculture.
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Leif Erikson
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- first European to set foot in the New World
- the Vikings only made a few voyages to the New World after Leif - born in Iceland in about 960 AD - did not grow up with his family - not being able to go to Norway decided to investigate rumors of lands to the west - Eric took his wife and kids, some slaves, and ample supplies and traveled west. |
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Prince Henry The Navigator
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- was the son of King Joao of Portugal, born in 1394
- most famous for the voyages of discovery that he organized and financed - eventually led to the rounding of Africa and the establishment of sea routes to the Indies -Henry was also a very devout man, and was Governor of the Order of Christ from 1420 until his death in 1460. |
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Christopher Columbus
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- Christopher Columbus was not the first European to discover the New World, but he led the way for other explorers.
- Born in 1451 - Died in 1506 - was a Christian and wanted to tell the story of Christ to the people he would find in the far-away lands -tried for eight years to get King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to supply him with ships and money - did not become rich as he had hoped - |
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Ferdinand Magellan
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- Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese sea captain who led five Spanish ships and 251 men in the first around-the-world sailing expedition.
- This voyage was filled with challenges, disasters, and tragedy - but it was one of the most important events in the history of exploration. |
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The Conquistadors
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-Spain owed its mighty Empire to the wealth that flowed in from the New World
- it owed its New World colonies to the conquistadors - ruthless soldiers of fortune who brought the powerful Aztec and Inca Empires to their knees. - You can despise these men for their barbarity, greed and cruelty - but you must respect their courage and audacity. |
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Hernan Cortes
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-a Spanish explorer who is famous mainly for his march across Mexico and his conquering of the Aztec Empire in Mexico.
- (1485-1547) - First he went to the island of Santo Domingo in 1504. - He stayed there for seven years - He became mayor of Santiago de Cuba and stayed there until 1518. |
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Francisco Pizarro
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- born in Trujillo, Spain in 1478
- he couldn't do a chore or small job that needed education - herded pigs - Pizarro's first expedition was in 1509 and he was the first mate. - In Lima Pizarro was murdered by Almagros son who wanted revenge for his father's death. Pizarro's half brother killed Almagro. |
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Ordinance of Discovery (Aztec)
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- law issued by King Philip II. The importance of this law was to keep track of all political and economic life in newly discovered places.
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Catholic Missions (natives)
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California 1760’s
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was part of the spanish settlers (conquistadores).Some 200 years earlier, in the 1760's, when the first European explorers set foot on Southern California soil, a Spanish soldier named Juan Jose Dominguez was part of that fabled Portola expedition.
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James Oglethorpe
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1696-1785 founder of georgia.was noted as a philanthropist and for his benevolence, including helping children and defending seamen against impressment
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Mercantilism
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Mercantilism was the theory of trade espoused by the major European powers from roughly 1500 to 1800. It advocated that a nation should export more than it imported and accumulate bullion (especially gold) to make up the difference. The exportation of finished goods was favored over extractive industries like farming.
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Navigation acts
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1650-1696(three parts)-1st trade with anyone except England.The Navigation Acts were passed by the English Parliament in the seventeenth century. The Acts were originally aimed at excluding the Dutch from the profits made by English trade. The mercantilist theory behind the Navigation Acts assumed that world trade was fixed and the colonies existed for the parent country.
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Sir Edmond Andros
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1637-1714 He first served as governor of New York from 1674 to 1681. He was a steadfast supporter of the Duke of York, who, when he became King James II in 1685, made Andros governor of the Dominion of New England the following year. An unfortunate choice was made by selecting Boston as the headquarters of the new unified colonial government. The staid Congregationalists' sensibilities were offended by the newly arrived British soldiers' boisterous behavior, and by Andros’ support of the Anglican Church.
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The Glorious Revolution 1688.
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The origins of the Glorious Revolution, also known as the War of the English Succession or the Bloodless Revolution, began with the conflicts during Charles I’s reign which led to the Civil War, the King’s execution and the Interregnum.
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Willaim Bradford
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(1590-1657)One of the leaders of colonial America, Bradford arrived at Cape Cod on November 11, 1620, on the flagship Mayflower. He was one of the authors of The Mayflower Compact. His greatest contribution to early writing is his History of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647.
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Cambridge Agreement
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Pledge made in Cambridge, England, in 1629 by Puritan stockholders of the Massachusetts Bay Co. to emigrate to New England if the colony's government could be transferred there. The company agreed and shifted control of the corporation to the signers of the agreement. John Winthrop was elected governor, and he set sail in 1630 with a large group of Puritan followers to settle in the Boston area
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Church of England (Anglican)
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Church of England (Anglican Church) to be under his direct control, breaking away from the pope. This type of control from the top, practiced by the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches is called episcopalian, or prelate, rule.The Scriptures and the Gospels, the Apostolic Church and the early Church Fathers, are the foundation of Anglican faith and worship in the 38 self-governing churches that make up the Anglican Communion.
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Covenenat Theology
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A covenant is a pact or agreement between two or more parties. is a prominent feature in Protestant theology, especially in the Presbyterian and Reformed churches, and a similar form is found in Methodism and Reformed Baptist churches
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Halfway Covenant
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When the Puritans settled in New England, it soon became apparent that the whole European system of the parish church was going to be changed. According to the strict Calvinism they practiced (See Calvin, John, and Jacobus Arminius), people had to prove they had experienced new birth in order to be considered full, voting members of the congregation. This worked well in the first generation of New England Congregationalism (See Congregationalism). The people were already sifted by virtue of the fact that they had all immigrated for the same reasons. And since membership in the church was the requirement for voting in the parish, the pastor of the church being the town moderator, church and state were, for all practical purposes, one.
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Thomas Hooker
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- ideals on freedom of religion-Baptist community, no taxes were collected for church, most were decenters of other cultures(independent population). he was a puritan and he help find rodheo island
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Saybrook Plattform
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a revision of the ecclesiastical polity of the colony of Connecticut, drawn up by a synod meeting at the call of the legislature in Saybrook, 9 September 1708. Those in conservative circles, fearing that the Cambridge Platform (1648) did not furnish adequate authority for keeping all churches in line, reorganized the church into county associations ruled by a council of ministers and lay delegates empowered to discipline erring congregations and to supervise the choice of new pastors; county associations then sent delegates to a colony-wide regulatory assembly. Governmental support of the platform in Connecticut effectively transformed the eighteenth-century polity into a centrally administered unit, making the church practically a form of Presbyterianism.
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Cavaliers
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(1642-1647)
they are spanish |
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Lord De Lawar
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he was one of the governors of Jamestown. after the starving time the remainder of people from Jamestown wanted to go back to England but he stopped them, and forced them to come back. where they started Jamestown again. he was a good governor, and was very determined to bring back Jamestown.
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plymouth plantation
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Plymouth Plantation is the area of land that the travelers from England settled in 1620 in Massachusetts
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colonial corrency
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The Colonial economy depended largely on foreign coins, barter, and commodity money. In 1690, the Massachusetts Bay Colony issued the first Colonial currency. Other colonies soon began to issue their own paper currency. Usually denominated in Spanish Milled Dollars, Colonial notes were also denominated in British shillings, pounds, and pence. In 1764, the British declared Colonial currency illegal.
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john smith
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(1580-1631) captain of the expedition to new england in december 19 1606 and founderer of jamestown, virginia
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Quakers
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many of them settled to pennsylvania and were opposed to war. George Fox was the founder for the religion of Quakers
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Anne hutchinson
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(1591-1643) she was admired by people who believed in the rights of the individual, freedom of speech, worship, and thoughts
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John Winthrope
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was persecuted for puritan beliefs. he was granted a charter of Massachusetts Bay Colony and served as governor for 12 years
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william penn
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was the first leader of american liberty. He negotiated with the natives peacefuly and belived men and women deserved equal rights
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sir walter raleigh
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(1552-1618) In June 1578 his half-brother Sir Humphrey Gilbert obtained a patent for six years authorizing him to take possession of "any remote barbarous and heathen lands not possessed by any Christian prince or people.ventures in colonization which have connected his name with the settlement of Virginia.
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Pueblo revolt
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Organized exploration by the Spanish Crown northward from Mexico into the well-established culture of the Pueblo Indians, in what is now New Mexico. Spaniards’ imposition of the encomienda and repartimiento policies signaled a turn for the worse. spanish conquistador set out to retake New Mexico. After many furious battles and long campaigns to suppress those pueblos still in revolt, he succeeded
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virginia comapny
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The Virginia Company was formed with a charter from King James I in 1606. The Company was a joint stock corporation charged with the settlement of Virginia. It had the power to appoint the Council of Virginia, the Governor and other officials, and the responsibility to provide settlers, supplies, and ships for the venture. The initial reaction to the Company was favorable, but as the mortality rate rose and the prospect for profit grew dim, the support for it waned. The leadership resorted to lotteries, searching for gold, and silkworm production to increase profits.
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Powhatans
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A confederacy of Virginian Algonquian tribes. Their territory included the tidewater section of Virginia from the Potomac s. to the divide between James river and Albemarle sound, and extended into the interior as far as the falls of the principal rivers about Fredericksburg and Richmond. They also occupied the Virginia counties east of Chesapeake Bay and possibly included some tribes in lower Maryland.
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Toleration Act
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May 24, 1689), act of Parliament granting freedom of worship to Nonconformists.It was one of a series of measures that firmly established the Glorious Revolution (1688–89) in England. It allowed Nonconformists their own places of worship and their own teachers and preachers, subject to acceptance of certain oaths of allegiance.
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faighte
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found, gotten
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William Bradford
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(1590–1657) Governor of Plymouth Colony. He joined the separatist congregation. Bradford came to New England on the Mayflower in 1620 and in 1621.was chosen leader of the Pilgrims. He he struggled to establish trade, fishing, and agriculture with the natives. He responsible for keeping Plymouth independent of the Massachusetts Bay colony.
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Doctrine of predistination
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The doctrine of Predestination was once the heart of many a message. In the early 1700's during what was known as the "Great Awakening"
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Puritan separatist
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The Separatists, or Independents, were radical Puritans who, in the late sixteenth century, advocated a thorough reform within the Church of England.
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The Coureur de Bois
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When the fur trade first began, First Nations and Inuit people brought the furs to the trading posts. They would arrive by canoe. The furs would be unloaded and traded for goods such as muskets, axes, knives, blankets, whisky and pots. It was not long before some of the men at the trading posts decided they would go inland and get the fur themselves. These were the people known as the coureurs de bois
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James I
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(1566-1625)James chafed against Buchanan and disliked him, but in later years would boast that he had been the great man's pupil. Buchanan instilled in James political theories which included the idea that the king is beholden to the people for his power, a belief which James later came to reject in favour of Divine Right kingship
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Tobacco
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Smokeless tobacco, also called spit tobacco, chewing tobacco, chew, chaw, dip, plug, and probably a few other things, comes in two forms: snuff and chewing tobacco.
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Maryland and the Calverts
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Leonard was a fascinating character and the first governor of the province of Maryland.
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Proprietary Rule
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were grants of land in the form of a charter, or a license to rule, for individuals or groups. They were used to settle areas rapidly with British subjects at the proprietors' expense during the costly settlement years. Also, they could be used by the Crown to repay a debt to, or bestow a favor upon, a highly placed person. Charters replaced the trading company as the dominant settlement device, beginning with Maryland's royal grant in 1632.
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maryland compact
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agreement to be friendly to the natives.
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Theocratic Society
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A person who rules in a theocracy as the representative of God or a god; a divine or deified ruler.one in which the main purpose of government is religious and some coercion is used to serve it. Such societies exist at least in the imagination and discourse of some people.
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catholic missions (natives)
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The settlers saw the natives as savages and non human and they believed that they have religion so they introduced them to catholism.
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Roger williams
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1603-?
Roger Williams was Governor of the Plymouth Colony 1654 through 1658. During the later years of his life, he saw almost all of Providence burned during King Philip's War, 1675-1676. He lived to see Providence rebuilt. He continued to preach, and the Colony grew through its acceptance of settlers of all religious persuasions. |
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Pequot War
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puritan victory over the natives – Connecticut will send men to attack small villages – about 400 men women and children will be killed(natives) survivors will be send into slavery in the west indies- puritans used biblical passages to justify the extermination of the natives- result to war made the new england confederation
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The Narragansetts
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The Narragansett Indians are a native people who lived on the Narragansett Bay and in western Rhode Island
. At around the beginning of the 17th Century there were about 10,000 Narragansett people. Over the next hundred years, however, that number was to be cut to just 500. War with the British and disease were the killers. In just one battle in 1675, the Narragansett lost 20 % of their population. |
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English Civil War
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The Civil war, which began in 1642 during the reign of Charles I resulted in the monarch being executed by the order of Oliver Cromwell.
England was then declared a Commonwealth. For eleven years, England was without a monarch - the only time in its history. History on the Net offers information on the battles, weapons and key figures of the Civil War. |
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middle colonies
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The Dutch kept trying to find a westward passage to the Indies. They sent an Englishman, Captain Henry Hudson to find it. Hudson found a river that ran westward for a short time. He followed it and found that it turned north in what is now New York. The river was later named Hudson after him.
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charter of liberties
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drafted in 1683 by the first representative assembly in New York as an instrument of provincial government. The hallmark of Governor Thomas Dongan's administration, the charter de-fined the colony's form of government, affirmed basic political rights, and guaranteed religious liberty for Christians. It divided the colony into twelve counties, or "shires," that were to serve as the basic units of local government. Freeholders from each shire would elect representatives to serve in the assembly.
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black codes
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Black Codes was a name given to laws passed by southern governments established during the presidency of Andrew Johnson. These laws imposed severe restrictions on freed slaves such as prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, limiting their right to testify against white men, carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations
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the holy experiment
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Holy Experiment" was William Penn's term for the ideal government he established for Pennsylvania in 1681, when he obtained the charter for that colony from King Charles II of England. Penn believed that the charter was a gift from God, "that an example may be set up to the nations: there may be room there, though not here, for such an holy experiment." This "experiment," Penn believed, would be a success only if the colony was settled with people of virtue, whose spirituality would shape Pennsylvania society, law, and politics. A member of the Religious Society of Friends, or Quakers as they were derisively called, Penn shared with his coreligionists a belief that, by virtue of their direct knowledge of and communion with God's divine authority, their precepts of religious liberty, political freedom, and pacifism were bound to take root in the new colony.
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John Locke
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an Oxford scholar, medical researcher and physician, political operative, economist and idealogue for a revolutionary movement, as well as being one of the great philosophers of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century.Locke wrote on a variety of other topics Among the most important of these is toleration. Henry VIII had created a Church of England when he broke with Rome.
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Bacon’s Rebellion
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Bacon's Rebellion was probably one of the most confusing yet intriguing chapters in Jamestown's history. For many years, historians considered the Virginia Rebellion of 1676 to be the first stirring of revolutionary sentiment in America, which culminated in the American Revolution almost exactly one hundred years later.
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Roanoke
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The first English Colony of Roanoke, originally consisting of 100 householders, was founded in 1585, 22 years before Jamestown and 37 years before the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts, under the ultimate authority of Sir Walter Raleigh. In 1584 Raleigh had been granted a patent by Queen Elizabeth I to colonize America.
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West India Company
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The settlement started in 1609 when the Dutch East India Co. sent out Henry Hudson, an English navigator, to look for a route to the Indies not controlled by Spain. Like explorers before him, Hudson traveled west on the Half Moon looking for the Northwest Passage through North America to achieve his goal.
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New Amsterdam
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was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland. It later became New York City.
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Elizabeth the I
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Elizabeth's life was troubled from the moment she was born. Henry VIII had changed the course of his country's history in order to marry Anne Boleyn, hoping that she would bear him the strong and healthy son that Catherine of Aragon never did. But, on September 7, 1533 in Greenwich Palace, Anne bore Elizabeth instead.
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