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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Maryland/Calverts
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American colonies found by Catholics
(1634) Significance was to promote freedom of religion and separation of church and state |
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Puritans
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Members of a Protestant group in England and also New England.
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Indentured Servant
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Begining in the year of 1723, people began to sign contracts and work for people and become their servants fro a period of time, usually 3 to 7 years, and would work to either get food, clothing, ttransportation, or to pay off debts.
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Joint Stock Company
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A company
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Jamestown
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The Lodon compay found Jamestown, and it later became known as the Virginia Company.
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Powhatan
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Indian Tribes, 1607The significance was that the spread of English settlements onto Indian lands would lead to further wars with the native population
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Headright System
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A system that gave 50 acres of land to every American sponsord
Jamestown, Virginia 1618 Significance: an attempt to solve labor shortages due to the advent of the tobacco economy |
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John Smith
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John Smith was an explorer, author and most importantly he was the first person to establish an English settlement. He found Jamestown in May 14, 1607.
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Pueblo Revolt 1680
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The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 or Popé's Rebellion was an uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico.Many of the Pueblo people harboured a latent hostility toward the Spanish, primarily due to their denigration and prohibition of the traditional religion. The traditional economies of the pueblos were likewise disrupted, the people being forced to labour on the encomiendas of the colonists.
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Ecomiendas
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The encomienda is a labor system that was employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines. In the encomienda, the crown granted a person a specified number of natives for whom they were to take responsibility. The receiver of the grant was to protect the natives from warring tribes and to instruct them in the Spanish language and in the Catholic faith.[1] In return, they could exact tribute from the natives in the form of labor, gold or other products, such as in corn, wheat or chickens. In the former Inca empire, for example, the system continued the Incaic (and even pre-Incaic) traditions of exacting tribute under the form of labor.
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St.Augustine 1565
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Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorer and admiral, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, it is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city and port in the United States.The vicinity of St. Augustine was first explored in 1513 by Spanish explorer and governor of Puerto Rico, Ponce de Leon, who claimed the region for the Spanish crown.
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Catholic Missions (natives)
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The Spanish missions in California comprise a series of religious and military outposts established by Spanish Catholics of the Franciscan Order between 1769 and 1823 to spread the Christian faith among the local Native Americans. The missions represented the first major effort by Europeans to colonize the Pacific Coast region.
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Fransisco Pizarro
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A spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru.On Feb. 13 1502 he sailed from Spain with 30 ships, being the largets fleet ever sailed to the New World.the ships carried 2500 colonist.
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Cortes
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Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec empire. He also brought lots of mainland mexico under rule of king castle in 16th century
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The Conquistadores
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The term widely used to refer to the Spanish soldiers, adventuers, and explorers who brought much of America under rule of Spain.
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Ferdinand Magellan
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(1480 – April 27, 1521)
He was in search of a westwardreoute to the 'spice islands" sent by King Charles I of Spain. Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean |
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Christopher Columbus
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( 31 Oct 1451–20 May 1506)
He was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from Italy. he sailed across the Atlantic ocean in1492, in search of shorter route to India but ended up landing in the caribbeans. Then, he spread the word and soon the Spanish wanted to conquer the Americas. |
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Prince Henry the Navigator
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(4 March 1394 – 13 Nov1460)
Portuguese prince responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations and maritime trade |
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Leif Erikson
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(c. 970 – c. 1020)
Leif was a Norse explorer, he is known to be the first European that land in North America, 500 years before Christopher Columbus. Leif opened a new land rich with resources for the Vikings to explore. He is from Iceland. |
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Agriculture (Natives)
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Naive Americans had many different agricultural methods; they used fish heads as natural fertilizer, they savedlots of space by planting all crops very close, the rotation system. These are four common techniques used by natives: hunting and fishing, gathering, farming, and raising domesticated animals.
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Woodland Indians
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They were prehistoric Native Americans of the woodland era and they inhabited North American continent from before 1000 BC to 1000 AD. They were THESE WERE CULTURALLY AND TECHNICALLY ADVANCED TRIBES WHO BEGAN PREMANENTLY INHABITING VILLAGES
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Chaco Canyon
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This valley was a center of Anasazi life thousands of years ago. The people farmed the lowlands and masonry towns that connected with other towns by far-reaching roads. Cultural flowering began in early 900AD.Chaco was the center of a far-flung trading network.The Chaco Anasazi were skilled masons.
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Aztecs
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Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, and regularly spoke Nahuatl language. They dominated large parts of Mesoamerican during the 14th, 15th and 16th century. they were culturally developed in music, arts, crafts, and the sciences. They had many gods who they worshiped. the sun god, Huitzilopochtli, was their most important.
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Mayans
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Mayans had belief un many gods, they invented a calendar with 18 monnths.
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Inca
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estimated to be from time 1438 AD to 1532. an ALLYU was agroup of 10-20 ppl each having a diff job. at the topp, inca w/absoulte power, then royal family, then common people.Patchacuti founded the Inca Empire, which became the largest empire in pre-Columbian America
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John Winthrop
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(January 12, 1588 - March 26, 1649) John Winthrop
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Proprietary Rule
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A type of government created to propertied immigrants to the colony hoped to monopolize fundamental constitutions of Carolina
1719-1729 Significance:Split Carolina into two |
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Toleration Act
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April 21, 1649- 1692
Significancewas to law created to protect Catholic settlers and those of other religions that did not conform to the dominant Anglicanism of Britain and her colonies |
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Bacon's Rebellion
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What theprotest against Native American raids on the frontier(1676)
Significance was to the rebellion did result in Berkeley's being recalled to England |
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Plymouth Plantation
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a colony for immigrants
1680 to 1691 Plymouth were fleeing religious persecution and searching for a place to worship as they saw fit |
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Mayflower Compact
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the first governing document of Plymouth Colony
November 11, 1620 It was in essence a social contract in which the settlers consented to follow the compact's rules and regulations for the sake of survival |
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William Bradford
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Who:Plymouth governor
When:March 19, 1590 – May 9, 1657 Significance:credited as the first to proclaim what popular American culture now views as the first Thanksgiving. |
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colonial currency
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What: 3 Types of money: Commodity money, Specie and paper money
When:1764 Significance:all colony had a different king of system of money with different type of value |
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John Winthrop
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Who:elected the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
When:12 January 1588– 26 March 1649 Significance:he was voted out of the governorship and then re-elected a total of 12 times |
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Theocratic Society
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a form of government in which a state is governed by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided
:a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil rule |
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Roger Williams
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What:an American Protestant theologian
When:between January and March 1683 Significance:the first American proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state |
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Anne Hutchinson
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A pioneer settler in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and New Netherlands
July 20, 1591 – August 20, 1643 Was a key figure in the study of the development of religious freedom in England's American colonies and the history of women in ministry |
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Pequot War
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A conflict between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies (the Narragansett and Mohegan tribes) against the Pequot tribe
1634-1638 elimination of the Pequot |
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King Philips War
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an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants and English colonists and their Native American allies
1675–1676. one of the bloodiest and costliest wars in the history of North America |
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English Civil War
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Conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists(1642–1651)
War led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement of English monarchy with first, the Commonwealth of England |
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Middle Colonies
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discovered by Dutch as a passage to indies
1630-1650 Significancewas had rich soil allowing major export of what and grains |
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Mestizos
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Mestizo:
It is a Spanish term used during the Spanish colonial period in Latin America to refer to people with mixed Europeans and Native American ancestry. Under the casta system of Spanish America, the term applied to the children of one European parent and one native American parent. |
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John Cabot
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Originally known as Giovanni Caboto and is known for his discovery of North America in 1497. Canada and the United Kingdom both agree that he landed on the island of Newfoundland
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Richard Hakluyt
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He was an English writer and is remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works. He was also the chief promoter of a petition to James I to colonize Virginia, which was granted to the Virginia Company
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Doctrine of Predestination
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This doctrine deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world and had tremendous influence over Church and State. It was taught not only by Calvin, but by Luther, Zwingli, and all the outstanding leaders of the Reformation.
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The English Reformation
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It was the series of events of the 16th century in England which led to the Church of England first breaking away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. The success of the Reformation had a lot to do with the decline of feudalism, rise of nationalism, common law, printing press and the circulation of the Bible.
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John Calvin
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He was a French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was the main figure in the system called Calvinism. He broke from the Roman Catholic Church around 1530 and fled to Switzerland after a violent uprising against Protestants. Calvin was influenced by the Augustinian tradition, which led him to expound the doctrine of predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God in salvation
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Puritan Separatists
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The Separatists, or Independents, were English Protestants who occupied the extreme wing of Puritanism. During Elizabeth I's reign Protestants who fled from Mary's reign, returned to the continent and wanted to set the Anglican church straight. When her reign ended, they Puritan were dedicated to staying within the Church of England to "purify" it. A smaller group of people decided it was pointless to struggle anymore with the Church of England and were called the Separatists, to which our Pilgrim ancestors belonged to. Separatists not only had given up on trying to reform the Anglican church, they also wanted to separate themselves from the corruptions of the world.
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Elizabeth I
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Elizabeth was the Queen of England and of Ireland from November 1558 until her death. She was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. She succeeded the Catholic Mary in 1558, during which she was been imprisoned for a year. One of her first moves as queen was to support the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This kept her firm in her throne and evolved into the Church of England. when monarchs in neighboring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones. Such was the case with Elizabeth's rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, whom she imprisoned in 1568 and eventually had executed in 1587. After the short reigns of Elizabeth's brother and sister, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity
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Coureurs de bois
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A coureurs de bois was an individual who engaged in the fur trade without permission from the French authorities. Most of the time they were from French origin and operated from the late 17th to early 18th century in east North America, especially New France. Later, permit were issued to coureurs de bois and became known as voyageurs
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New Amsterdam
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New Amsterdam was a Dutch settlement that served as the capital of New Netherland, and eventually became known as New York. In 1609, the harbor and the riverhad been discovered by the Dutch East India Company which was captained by Henry Hudson, and they first sailed through the island of what is now Manhattan. It was charted by commercial companies and operated commercially before becoming an entity in 1624. The town was founded by William Verhulst and they selected the Manhattan area as a permanent settlement by the Dutch west India Company. The area next to thte Hudson River entrustes their exclusive access to the Delaware and Conneticut River. The Dutch Republic regained it in August 1673 with a fleet of 21 ships, renaming the city "New Orange". New Netherland was ceded permanently to the English in November 1674 by treaty.
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West India Company
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The Dutch West India Company was composed of Dutch merchants who in 1621 were granted a charter for a trade monopoly in the West Indies. The intended purpose of the charter was to eliminate competition, particularly Spanish or Portuguese, between the various trading posts established by the merchants. The company became instrumental in the Dutch colonization of the Americas.
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Sir Walter Raleigh was an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy and explorer who is also largely known for popularizing tobacco in England. He was involved in the early English colonization of Virginia under a royal patent. In 1591 he secretly married Elizabeth Throckmorton, one of the Queen's ladies-in-waiting, without the Queen's permission, for which he and his wife were sent to the Tower of London.
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Roanoke
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Roanoke Island was the site of the 16th-century Roanoke Colony, the first English colony in the New World. It was located in what was then called Virginia, named in honor of England's ruling monarch and "Virgin Queen", Elizabeth I. There were two groups of settlers who attempted to establish a colony there, and both failed
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James I
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He became King of Scots as James VI on 24 July 1567, when he was just thirteen months old, succeeding his mother Mary, Queen of Scots. He then ruled England, Scotland, and Ireland for 22 years, often using the title King of Great Britain, until his death at the age of 58. Under James, the "Golden Age" of Elizabethan literature and drama continued, with writers such as William Shakespeare, John Donne, Ben Jonson, and Sir Francis Bacon contributing to a flourishing literary culture
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John Smith
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he was an Admiral of New England was an English soldier, explorer, and author. He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Virginia Indian girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay with a charter from James I.
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Lord de la Warr
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was the Englishman after whom the bay, the river, and, consequently, an American Indian people and U.S. state, all later called "Delaware", were named. After the Powhatans murdered the colony's governor, Lord Ratcliffe, and attacked the colony in the first Anglo-Powhatan War, Lord De La Warr headed the contingent of 150 men who landed in Jamestown, Virginia on June 10, 1610, just in time to persuade the original settlers not to give up and go home to England. The troops raided villages, burned houses, torched cornfields, and stole provisions and these proved effective.
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Tobacco
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Tobacco had already long been used in the Americas when European settlers arrived and introduced the practice to Europe, where it became popular. At high doses, tobacco can become hallucinogenic; accordingly, Native Americans never used the drug recreationally. Instead, it was often consumed as an entheogen; among some tribes, this was done only by experienced shamans or medicine men. Eastern North American tribes carried large amounts of tobacco in pouches as a readily accepted trade item, and often smoked it in pipes, either in defined sacred ceremonies, or to seal a bargain, and they smoked it at such occasions in all stages of life, even in childhood. It was believed that tobacco is a gift from the Creator and that the exhaled tobacco smoke carries one's thoughts and prayers to heaven.
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William Penn
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Who: William Penn, real estate entrepreneur and philosopher
When: 1644-1718 Significance: A leading figure of English Quakers: founder of Pennsylvania. Believed in religious toleration |
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Charter of Liberties-
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What: Also known as "Coronation Charter"; a written proclamation by Henry I of England
When: Issued upon his accession to the throne which was in 1100 Significance: Purpose was to unite the king to certain laws regarding the treatment of church officials and nobles; addressed abuses of royal power |
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Black codes
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What: Laws passed by southern governments against freed blacks limiting their human rights
When: 1865; after American Civil War; established during the presidency of Andrew Jackson; Significance: Prohibited freed slaves from many things such as their right to vote, carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations. It also forbid them to sit on juries and limited their right to justify against white men |
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Holy experiment
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What: Attempt by the Quakers to develop a community for them in Pennsylvania; under the control of William Penn
When: Established for Pennsylvania in 1681’ experiment failed when the French and Indian War took place and was completely collapsed as a result of the Revolution Significance: Created liberal form of government |
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James Oglethorpe
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Who: British general, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia; focused on domestic and international problems of England
When: Born in 1696, died in 1785 Significance: Oglethorpe formed a plan to deal with the poverty in England. He moved the poor to the American colony of Georgia where they became merchants and farmers. Oglethorpe fought to keep persecuted religious groups in Georgia; he strongly opposed slavery, and tried his best to stay fair with the Native Americans |
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Mercantilism
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What: Wealth of nation depends on procession of precious metals; economies were to ensure a surplus of exports over imports
When: Began in 17th century Significance: Increase in trade and competition |
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The Navigation Acts
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What: Laws which restricted the use foreign shipping for trade with England and the colonies
When: Passed by English Parliament in seventeenth century; started in 1651 Significance: Excluded the Dutch from the profits made by the English trade; 1. Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies. 2. The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens. 3. Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports. |
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Sir Edmond Andros
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British colonial administrator and unpopular governor of the Dominion of New England
Colonial America, 1637-1714 Known for interfering in colonial customs and holding back a representative government |
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The Glorious Revolution
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What: Overthrow of King James II of England; William III of England came to throne
When: Revolution of 1688 Significance: Official overthrow of absolute monarchy in England and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. |
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William Bradford
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Leader of the settlers of Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts
(1590-1657) Credited for the first Thanksgiving |
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Cambridge Agreement
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What: Agreement between shareholders of Massachusetts Bay Company; deal over whether the Massachusetts Bay Colony would be under local control, in New England, or under the control of a corporate board in London
When: Made on August 29, 1629 Significance: Foundation of Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts would become self-governing colony; |
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Virginia Company
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It was formed with a charter from King James I in 1606. It was a joint stock corporation charged with the settlement of Virginia. The company was useful for many things: the power to appoint the Council of Virginia, the Governor and other officials, and the responsibility to provide settlers, supplies, and ships for the venture. The purposes of establishing settlements on the coast of North America.
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The Narragansett
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Narragansett's tribe was an Algonquian Native American tribe from Rhode Island. Roger Williams, was the co-founder of Rhode Island.Its population in 1610 was about 10,000, but by 1674 it dropped to 5,000. Due to a single battle with the English in Dec of 1675, the Narragansett lost about 20% of their population, soon after massacre and starvation killed most of the others.
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William Penn
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Who: William Penn, real estate entrepreneur and philosopher
When: 1644-1718 Significance: A leading figure of English Quakers: founder of Pennsylvania. Believed in religious toleration |
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Charter of Liberties-
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What: Also known as "Coronation Charter"; a written proclamation by Henry I of England
When: Issued upon his accession to the throne which was in 1100 Significance: Purpose was to unite the king to certain laws regarding the treatment of church officials and nobles; addressed abuses of royal power |
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Black codes
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What: Laws passed by southern governments against freed blacks limiting their human rights
When: 1865; after American Civil War; established during the presidency of Andrew Jackson; Significance: Prohibited freed slaves from many things such as their right to vote, carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations. It also forbid them to sit on juries and limited their right to justify against white men |
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Holy experiment
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Holy experiment
What: Attempt by the Quakers to develop a community for them in Pennsylvania; under the control of William Penn When: Established for Pennsylvania in 1681’ experiment failed when the French and Indian War took place and was completely collapsed as a result of the Revolution Significance: Created liberal form of government |
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James Oglethorpe
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Who: British general, philanthropist, and founder of the colony of Georgia; focused on domestic and international problems of England
When: Born in 1696, died in 1785 Significance: Oglethorpe formed a plan to deal with the poverty in England. He moved the poor to the American colony of Georgia where they became merchants and farmers. Oglethorpe fought to keep persecuted religious groups in Georgia; he strongly opposed slavery, and tried his best to stay fair with the Native Americans |
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Mercantilism
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What: Wealth of nation depends on procession of precious metals; economies were to ensure a surplus of exports over imports
When: Began in 17th century Significance: Increase in trade and competition |
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The Navigation Acts
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What: Laws which restricted the use foreign shipping for trade with England and the colonies
When: Passed by English Parliament in seventeenth century; started in 1651 Significance: Excluded the Dutch from the profits made by the English trade; 1. Only British ships could transport imported and exported goods from the colonies. 2. The only people who were allowed to trade with the colonies had to be British citizens. 3. Commodities such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton wool which were produced in the colonies could be exported only to British ports. |
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Sir Edmond Andros
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Who: British colonial administrator and unpopular governor of the Dominion of New England
When: Colonial America, 1637-1714 Significance: Known for interfering in colonial customs and holding back a representative government |
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The Glorious Revolution
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What: Overthrow of King James II of England; William III of England came to throne
When: Revolution of 1688 Significance: Official overthrow of absolute monarchy in England and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. |
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William Bradford
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Who: Leader of the settlers of Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts
When: 1590-1657 Significance: Credited for the first Thanksgiving |
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Church of England (Anglican)
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What: The established church in England, Catholic in faith and order, but incorporating many principles of the Protestant Reformation and independent of the papacy.
When: Began around the 1500’s Significance: Paved the way for women to become bishops |
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Covenant Theology
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What: (Covenantalism; Federal theology; Federalism), an abstract and explanatory framework to understand the bible. Covenant =is a formal alliance or agreement made by God with that religious community or with humanity in general. God deals with mankind through the covenants of: redemption, works and grace.
When: Has its roots in the writing of John Calvin and Augustine Significance: Now is mainly Protestant and Reformed |
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Halfway Covenant
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What: A form of partial church membership; plan to maintain the church’s influence on society; Reverend Solomon Stoddard felt that the English colonies were drifting away from their original religious purpose
When: Created in New England in 1662 Significance: led to the First Great Awakening |
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Thomas Hooker
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Who: Religious Puritan and colonial leader who founded the colony of Connecticut
When: 1586- 1647 Significance: Created the “Fundamental Orders of Connecticut”, one of the world’s first written constitutions. |
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Saybrook Platform
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What: Conservative religious proposals; attempt to stop the disunity among the established congregational churches and restore discipline amongst the clergy and their congregations
When: In Connecticut in September 1708; begun with the Halfway Covenant and concluded during the Great Awakening Significance: Led to an association of pastors and elders, and a coming together of churches |
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Joint Stock Company
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What: Sells fully transferable stocks, but all shareholders have unlimited liability; or the company is owned by shareholders, and the shares are freely traded on the open market, but the shareholders' liability is not limited to the price they paid for the stock.
When: East India Company began in 1600; Virginia Company was started during the time of colonialism Significance: Creation of the Virginia Company and West India Company; helped create modern day corporations |
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Cavaliers- 1642-1647
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Cavaliers- 1642-1647
Who: Cavalier was the name given by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I When: During the English civil War which took place between the years 1642-1651 Significance: Supported and stood by the side of King Charles I |
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John Locke
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John Locke
Who: (Father of Liberalism) English philosopher, physician, and influential Enlightenment thinker; argued against the belief that human beings are born with certain ideas already in their mind When: 1632-1704 Significance: Impacted the development of the “Theory of Knowledge”, and political philosophy; Locke’s writings influenced other thinkers like Voltaire and Rousseau; his thoughts are reflected in the American Declaration of Independence |
