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36 Cards in this Set
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John Smith
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Who: He was an English soldier, explorer, and author.
What: He established the first permanent settlement in Jamestown, Virginia & was leader of the Virginia Colony. When:September 1608 & August 1609 Significance: Encouraged Englishmen & woman to colonize the New World. |
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Jamestown
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What: The first permanent English settlement in the U.S
When: Founded on May 14, 1607 Significance: The location was selected due to the strategic defensive position against European forces. |
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Join Stock Company
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Who: The Company is managed by the shareholders by a board of directors.
What: It's a type of corporation or partnership involving two or more legal persons. When: Around 1600 Significance: Offers the protection of limited liability. |
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Indentured Servant
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Who: A worker, typically a laborer or tradesman, under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time.
What:Indentured Servitude was a method to increase the number of colonists. When: In the 17 and 18 century significance: This system provided masters and servants to increase the working population. |
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Puritans
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Who: group of English-speaking protestants.
What: They formed into and identified with various religious groups advocating greater "purity" of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. When: In the 16 and 17 century. Significance:Puritan culture emphasized the need for self-examination and the strict accounting for one’s feelings as well as one’s deeds. |
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John Winthdrop
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Who: Obtained a royal charter and lead a group of English Puritians.
What:Winthrop spent his life continually producing written accounts of historical events and religious manifestations When: From 1630 and 1649 was the first governor of Massachusetts. Significance: He stated on his sermon called a Modell of Christian Society that there is a need for differences to arise within the people of a community for it to survive. Secondly, he made was that everyday activities should bring about spiritual resonance within the community, keeping the faith strong between the puritans and to keep the structure of the lives they have built for each other. The final point that Winthrop made was that each member of the puritan community shouldn’t hold themselves higher than others for the reason that equality breeds kindness within the community. |
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The Headright System
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Who: Headrighters
What: an attempt to solve labor shortages due to the advent of Tobacco. When:In Jamestown, Virginia, starting in 1618 Significance: It attracted immigrants |
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The Calverts
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Who:George, Cecil, Ann, Dorothy,Leonard, Henry, Francis, John, Helen and Joanne Calvert made the Calvert family.
What: the Calverts owned all of the land(maryland) When: in 1608 Significance: The calverts founded Maryland an espoused freedom of religion and separation of church |
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Incas
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Who; They were distinct people with a distinct language living in a highland center, Cuzco
What; they exercised control over more territory than any other people had done in South American History. Significance: The empire consisted of over one million individuals, spanning a territory stretching from Ecuador to northern Chile. When; in the twelfth century and early sixteenth century |
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Mayas
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Who; is a Mesoamerican civilization,
What;this civilization features high degree of interaction and cultural diffusion When: established in the pre-classic period in 2000 BC to 250 A.D |
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Aztecs
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Who: People from central Mexico
What: dominated large parts of Mesoamerica When: 14th, 15th, 16th centuries significance: The aztec empire was a tribute based on Tenochitlan, which extended its power throughout Mesoamerica |
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Chaco Canyon
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Where: is a U.S national Historical Park and most concentration of Pueblos in the Amercian Southwest
What:contains most of the collection of ancient ruins of north Mexico; is a historic area When: Between AD 900 and 1150 Significance: it's a trading industry |
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Woodland Indians
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Who: Woodland indians extent to begin to develop ritualistic burials and extended trade networks.
What: they were noted for the cultivation of crops in the fertile valleys of North Georga. Significance; Cultivation of crops was widespread, specifically corn (maize), beans and squash. The most important development of this final era, however, was a dramatic increase in population. When: before 1000 BC until 1000 AD |
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Mobile societies(native americans)
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Who: are indigenous peoples in North America.
What:hey are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as intact political communities when:late 20th century significance:Native Americans today have a unique relationship with the United States because they may be members of nations, tribes, or bands of Native Americans who have sovereignty or independence from the government of the United States |
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Agriculture (natives)
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Who:indigenous people of the Americans inhabitants of North and South America
What: The first humans to visit what is now Virginia could hunt animals, gather fruits from trees/vines, and pull handfuls of seeds from wild plants. However, the first humans to visit what is now Virginia were not able to plant, nurture, and harvest a crop - because those first humans lacked the expertise and resources to practice agriculture When: around 2000 B.C. Significance:domesticated species - corn, beans, and a new form of squash - were introduced from Mexico/southwestern United States. |
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leif Erikson
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Who;was a Norse explorer who is regarded as the first European to land in North America (excluding Greenland),
What:He established a Norse settlement at Vinland, which has been tentatively identified with the L'Anse aux Meadows Norse site on the northern tip of the island of Newfoundland in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. When: nearly 500 years ago Significance:Leif converted to Christianity,[6] like many Norse of that time, at the behest of the King of Norway, Olaf I. When he returned to Greenland, he bought Bjarni Herjólfsson's boat and set out with 35 men to explore the land that Bjarni had seen to the west of Greenland, which was likely coastal Canada. |
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Prince Henry the navigator
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Who: was an infante (prince) of the Kingdom of Portugal and an important figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire, being responsible for the beginning of the European worldwide explorations and maritime trade.
What: Henry became aware of the profit possibilities in the Saharan trade routes that terminated there and became fascinated with Africa in general; he was most intrigued by the Christian legend of Prester John and the expansion of Portuguese trade. When:4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460 Significance:Henry gathered at his Vila on the Sagres peninsula a school of navigators and map-makers. He did employ some cartographers to help him chart the coast of Mauritania |
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Christopher Columbus
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Who:was a navigator, colonizer, and explorer from Genoa, Italy, whose voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents in the Western Hemisphere.
What: He proposed the king equip three sturdy ships and grant Columbus one year's time to sail out into the Atlantic, search for a western route to the Orient, and return. Columbus also requested he be made "Great Admiral of the Ocean", appointed governor of any and all lands he discovered, and given one-tenth of all revenue from those lands. When:c. 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506 significance:he initiated the process of Spanish colonization which foreshadowed general European colonization of the "New World". |
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Ferdinand Magellan
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Who:
was a Portuguese explorer. He was born at Sabrosa, in northern Portugal, What:obtained Spanish nationality in order to serve King Charles I of Spain in search of a westward route to the "Spice Islands" (modern Maluku Islands in Indonesia). When:c. 1480 – April 27, 1521 Significance:Magellan's expedition of 1519–1522 became the first expedition to sail from the Atlantic Ocean into the Pacific Ocean (then named "peaceful sea" by Magellan; the passage being made via the Strait of Magellan), and the first to cross the Pacific. It also completed the first circumnavigation of the Earth, although Magellan himself did not complete the entire voyage, being killed during the Battle of Mactan in the Philippines |
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The conquistadors
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Who:s the term widely used to refer to the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and adventurers who brought much of the Americas under the control of Spain
What:The Conquistadores in the Americas were more volunteer militia than an actual organized military. They had to supply their own materials, weapons and horses. When:the 15th through the 19th centuries following Europe's discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus in 1492 Significance:The leaders of the conquest of the Aztec Empire were Hernán Cortés and Pedro de Alvarado. Francisco Pizarro led the conquest of the Incan Empire. |
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Cortes
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Who:a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile
What:Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. When:early 16th century Significance:n 1518 Velázquez put him in command of an expedition to explore and secure the interior of Mexico for colonization. At the last minute, due to the old gripe between Velázquez and Cortés, he changed his mind and revoked his charter. Cortés ignored the orders and went ahead anyway, in February 1519, in an act of open mutiny. Accompanied by about 11 ships, 500 men, 13 horses and a small number of cannons, he landed in the Yucatan Peninsula in Mayan territory |
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Fransisco Pizarro
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Who:was a Spanish conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire and founder of Lima, the modern-day capital of Peru.
What:he sailed from Spain with the newly appointed Governor of Hispaniola, Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres, on a fleet of thirty ships. It was the largest fleet that had ever sailed to the New World. The thirty ships carried 2,500 colonists When:1471 or 1476 – 26 June 1541 Significance:In 1532 Pizarro once again landed in the coasts near Ecuador, where some gold, silver, and emeralds were procured and then dispatched to Almagro, who had stayed in Panama to gather more recruits. Though Pizarro's main objective was to then set sail and dock at Tumbes like his previous expedition, he was forced to confront the Punian natives in the Battle of Puná, leaving three Spaniards dead and 400 dead or wounded Punians. |
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ordinance of discovery(aztec)
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Who:The Aztecs were a warlike and deeply religious people who built monumental works.
What:The discoveries were made at the Aztec empire's main temple, Templo Mayor (Great Temple), near the central Zocalo square. This is the most important Aztec find since the discovery of an eight-ton carving of an Aztec goddess at the same site in 1978. When:Their rule began in the 14th century and ended while in its peak by the collide in 1521 Significance:northern Mexico they moved towards south and founded an empire stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean and encompassing much of modern-day central Mexico. They installed a terror bloody reign to intimidate and reign over the indigenous tribe on the central Mexico. |
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Catholic Missions(native)
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Who:missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to carry on ministries of the word, such as evangelism and literacy, or ministries of service, such as education, social justice, health care and economic development
What:The New Testament missionary outreach of the Christian church from the time of St Paul was extensive throughout the Roman Empire. During the Middle Ages the Christian monasteries and missionaries such as Saint Patrick, and Adalbert of Prague propagated learning and religion beyond the boundaries of the old Roman Empire When:1598 Significance:The Eastern Orthodox Church, under the Orthodox Church of Constantinople was vigorous in its missionary outreach under the Roman Empire and continuing Byzantine Empire, and its missionary outreach had lasting effect, either founding, influencing or establishing formal relations with some 16 Orthodox national churches |
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St. Augustine 1565
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Who:s a city in the northeast section of Florida and the county seat of St. Johns County, Florida, United States
What:it is the oldest continuously occupied European-established city and port in the United States.[2] St. Augustine lies in a region of Florida known as "The First Coast", which extends from Amelia Island in the north to Jacksonville, When:Founded in 1565 by Spanish explorer and admiral, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Significance:the city population was 11,592; in 2004, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the population had reached 12,157 |
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Encomiendas
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Who:s a labor system that was employed by the Spanish crown during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and the Philippines
What:tribute from the natives in the form of labor, gold or other products, such as in corn, wheat or chickens. In the former Inca empire, for example, the system continued the Incaic (and even pre-Incaic) traditions of exacting tribute under the form of labor. When:1503 Significance:Native Americans, mostly in the southwest U.S., were required to work for the Spanish and give much of their crops to the Spanish in exchange for the supposed "privilege" of being "protected", taught Spanish, and also for being taught the Catholic faith. |
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Pueblo Revolt
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Who:was an uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico
What:The traditional economies of the pueblos were likewise disrupted, the people being forced to labour on the encomiendas of the colonists When:1680 Significance:e Spanish had also introduced new farming implements and provided some measure of security against Navajo and Apache raiding parties. As a result, they had lived in relative peace with the Spanish since the founding of the Northern New Mexico colony in 1598. |
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Mestizo
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What: is a Spanish term that was used during the Spanish colonial period in Latin America to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry.
When:1582 Significance:The term was created specifically for those people of the particular racial mixture of Amerindian and European who comprise much of the population of Latin America |
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John Cabot
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Who:was an Italian navigator and explore
What:discovery of North America is commonly held to be the first European voyage to the continent since Norse exploration of the Americas in the early eleventh century. The official position of the Canadian and United Kingdom governments is that he landed on the island of Newfoundland. When:c. 1450 – c. 1499 Significance:John Cabot first appears in the Venetian records in 1470 when he was accepted into the religious confraternity of St John the Evangelist. Since this was one of the city's great confraternities, this suggests that he was already a respected member of the community at this stage |
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Richard Hakluyt
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Who:was an English writer.
What:e is principally remembered for his efforts in promoting and supporting the settlement of North America by the English through his works, notably Divers Voyages Touching the Discoverie of America (1582) and The Principal Navigations, Voiages, Traffiques and Discoueries of the English Nation (1598–1600) When:between 1583 and 1588 Significance:Richard Hakluyt, the second of four sons, was born in either Hereford in the county of Herefordshire around 1552, or in or near London around 1553 |
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Doctrine of Predestination
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Who:s a doctrine of Calvinism which deals with the question of the control God exercises over the world.
What: Infralapsarianism view of God's decree. In that view, God, before Creation, in His mind, first decreed that the Fall would take place, before decreeing election and reprobation. So God actively chooses whom to condemn, but because He knows they will have a sinful nature, When:1912, Significance:Reformed Calvinists emphasise the active nature of God's decree to choose those foreordained to eternal wrath, yet at the same time the passive nature of that foreordination. |
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The English Reformation
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What:was the series of events in 16th-century England by which the Church of England first broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
When:1688 Significance:These events were, in part, associated with the wider process of the European Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement which affected the practice of Christianity across most of Europe during this period. Many factors contributed to the process: the decline of feudalism and the rise of nationalism, the rise of the common law, the invention of the printing press and increased circulation of the Bible, the transmission of new knowledge and ideas among scholars and the upper and middle classes. |
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John Calvin
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Who:was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation
What:He was a principal figure in the development of the system of Christian theology later called Calvinism. When:1530 Significance:He also exchanged cordial and supportive letters with many reformers including Philipp Melanchthon and Heinrich Bullinger. In addition to the Institutes, he wrote commentaries on most books of the Bible as well as theological treatises and confessional documents, and he regularly gave sermons throughout the week in Geneva. Calvin was influenced by the Augustinian tradition, |
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Puritan Separatists
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Who:a significant grouping of English-speaking Protestants
What: Puritanism in this sense was founded by some Marian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559, as an activist movement within the Church of England. When:16th and 17th century Significance:Puritan culture emphasized the need for self-examination and the strict accounting for one’s feelings as well as one’s deeds. This was the center of evangelical experience, which women in turn placed at the heart of their work to sustain family life |
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Elizabeth the I
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Who:was Queen regnant of England and Queen regnant of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death.
What:One of her first moves as queen was to support the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement held firm throughout her reign and later evolved into today's Church of England. When:7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603 Significance:during whose reign she had been imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels. |
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Coureurs De Bois
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Who:s an individual who engaged in the fur trade without permission from the French authorities.
What: When: Significance: |
