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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"love of wisdom" (etymology) |
Philosophy |
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"love" |
philo/philia |
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"wisdom" |
"sophia" |
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Philosophy is a science inquires into the ultimate causes,principles, and reasons of all things in the light of reason alone |
Aristotelico-Thomistic |
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Philosophy is a discipline where questions are more important than answers and where every answer generates more questions |
Karl Jaspers |
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2 Approaches: |
Historical Systematic |
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-the philosophers who exist before socrates - the first man of science -they paved the way for science |
Pre-Socratics |
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Basic stuff |
Urstoff |
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The three definitions of Culture accdg. to Raymond Williams: |
Ideal definition Documentary definition Social definition |
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The three definitions of Philosophy: |
Etymology Aristotelico-Thomistic Karl Jaspers |
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The branches of philosophy that studies being |
Psychology Cosmology Theodicy |
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The two philosophers mentioned under the Modern Period |
Rene Descartes Immanuel Kant |
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The four descriptions depicting the fourth period of the historical approach of western |
Focuses on global Change Unlearning Boarderless Deconstruction |
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Define what are human acts |
Freely Knowingly Voluntary |
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Accdg to Kohlberg, this is the level where the individual values freedom rather than blind conformity |
Post-Conventional Level |
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It is defined as a written or unwritten rule of principle |
Law |
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This law regulates the universe, including the law of gravity that connects marvelously the dynamic relations among bodies |
Physical natural law |
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This is the state of being exempted from the control of another |
Freedom |
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It is described as the extreme condition of being fervent of one's anger and hatred |
Violence |
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Is is a distressing passion incited by the anticipation of an insensible good or evil. |
Fear |
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A strong attraction or longing towards a corporeal good |
Concupiscence |
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A kind of ignorance that is insurmountable and impossible to overcome |
Invincible |
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In classical ethics, this means "do good and avoid evil" |
Synderesis |
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Otherwise known as purpose, that which a person sets before himself or herself to be achieved |
End |
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It is an immediate agent or an instrument moving the person towards an object desired |
Means |
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This is the last cornerstone of ethics which examined a life hereafter |
Afterlife |
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Accdg to the native settlers, they are the ones who control everything in nature |
Anito/ Bathala |
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This is the process of deriving conclusions about what is good and what is the right way to act |
Moral reasoning |
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The three presuppositions of morality |
The existence of freedom The existence of God or a Supreme being The existence of the Afterlife or the immortality of the soul |
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The three kinds of laws |
Divine law Natural law Positive law |
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Types of Vincible ignorance |
Supine Gross Affected |
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The factors that affect responsibility |
Ignorance Concupiscence Fear and Violence Freedom |
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Kohlbers's stages of Moral Development: |
Stage 1- Reward and Punishment Stage 2- Exchange Stage 3- Approval by the significant others Stage 4- Social order Stage 5- Social Contract Stage 6- Universal principles |
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-"sleep of reason" - dark ages |
Medieval |
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-going beyond the physical -essences of things ("whatness") |
Metaphysics |
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8 branches |
Metaphysics Theodicy Cosmology Psychology Logic Epistemology Political Philosophy Ethics |
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philosophical study that talks about rightness and wrongness of the human act |
Ethics |
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-opposite to the human act -involuntarily done -can be a human act if its gone through the process of deliberation |
Act of man |
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-eminent welsh cultural theorist -describes culture as "one of the two or three most complicated words in English language" |
Raymond Williams |
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A professor of philosophy at Brown University |
John Ladd |
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People with different cultures have different values |
Cultural relativism |
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-derived from the fact of cultural relativism - in an environment in which the values are alien to someone's own, he or she experiences a sudden change in way of life |
Culture Shock |
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the doctrine that the moral rightness and wrongness of actions varies from society and that there are no absolute universal moral standards binding on all men at all times |
Ethical relativism |
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show social acceptability in relation to what is good and bad in a given culture -if a certain action is normal in a give society, then it is good; if it is is abnormal, then it is immoral |
Normal-abnormal categories |
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-group of people who loves to argue for the sake of arguing - masters of wordplay/ good debaters |
Sophists |
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market |
Agora |
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followers of Socrates |
Young men of Athens |
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2 charges that is charged to Socrates |
Brainwashing Worshipping other gods |
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"Know thyself for an unexamined life is not worth living" |
Socrates |
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-Unmoved mover -Uncaused cause -prime mover |
God |
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"Inhabit, cultivate,protect, honour with worship |
Colere |
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"a state or process of human perfection, in terms of certain absolute and universal values" |
Ideal definition |
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the cultivation of the soul |
"cultura animi" |
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the body of intellectual and imaginative work, in which, in a detailed way, human thought and experience are variously recorded |
Documentary Definition |
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a description of a particular way of life which expresses certain meanings and values not only in art and learning but also in institutions and ordinary behavior |
Social Definition |
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-refers to the uprightness of a self-imposed act -It is concerned with what makes an action good or evil |
Morality |
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-American psychologist - states that one's conception of right and wrong is not static. It changes overtime |
Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) |
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"know thyself" |
gnothi seauton |
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provides that explanation in a descriptive manner |
Moral Psychology |
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"Soul or mind" |
Psyche |
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is a situation in which one has to choose between two or more possible actions, and have a moral justification for choosing it |
Dilemma |
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The three levels in the moral development of a person |
Pre-conventional level Conventional level Post-conventional level |
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in this level, an individual usually but not necessarily a young child, judges right and wrong based on the consequences of one's action |
Pre-conventional level |
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In this level, an individual focuses more on socially accepted norms and become less self-centered |
Conventional level |
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-In this level, one transcends the norms of one's society and acts in spite of social norms and not because of them - an individual values freedom rather than blind conformity |
Post-conventional level |
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The Seven-Step Moral Reasoning model |
Step 1- Gather the facts Step 2- Determine the ethical issues Step 3- Identify the principles that have a bearing on the case Step 4- List the Alternatives Step 5- Compare the alternatives with the principles Step 6- Weigh the consequences Step 7- Make a decision |
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is the stage in life when one "begins to view self-defining traits as stable across time and in various situations" |
Adolescence |
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comes from the Greek charakter referring to the mark impressed upon a coin |
Character |
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comes from the latin persona which refers to the theatrical mask that actors would wear in an ancient Greek play corresponding to their respective roles |
Personality |
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2 fundamental features of personality |
Consistency Distinction |
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refers to an individual's coherent traits and action patterns |
Consistency |
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refers to difference among individuals come in the varying degrees that such traits are put together in the sake category |
Distinction |
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MBTI |
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator |
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it refers to a person's moral identity, the presence or absence of certain qualities or traits. |
Character |
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-is about excellence, not difference - is about refinement of traits, not individual uniqueness -it is a set of qualities that makes one an ethically admirable person |
Moral Character |
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means "neither too much nor too less" |
Moderation |
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pick what is needed and not much more and consequently feels satisfied |
Satisficer |
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is a character trait that allows a person to appreciate what is available instead of feeling sorry for what could have been |
Temperance |
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is the virtue that lies between rashness on one extreme and cowardice on the other |
Courage |
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are often associated with word "courage" |
Heroes |
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is "the capacity to risk harm or danger to oneself" |
Courage |
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brings many kinds of danger , and not everyone has the capacity to face them |
Conflict |
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refers to the willingness to face danger in battle, which is typically viewed as a military trait |
Physical courage |
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"manliness" |
andreia |
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a hotels manager in Rwanda |
Paul Rusesabagina |
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is the disposition to voluntary act, perhaps fearfully , in a dangerous circumstance, where the relevant risks are reasonable appraised, in an effort to obtain or preserve some perceived good for onself or others, recognizing that the desired perceived good may not be realized |
Moral courage |
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The wisest man in Athens Greece |
Socrates |
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Moral reasoning is a |
skill |
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The seven- step moral reasoning is a __ method |
suggested |
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It is at all times a consequent of human act |
Accountability |
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The details involved in a certain human act |
Circumstances |
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Also known as the "middle ground" |
The Golden Mean |
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Developing moral reasoning is a |
Continuous process |
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The Analysis of Culture is an essay written by |
Raymond Williams |
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Cosmocentric |
Ancient |
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Theocentric |
Medieval |
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Anthropocentric |
Modern Period |
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The father of modern philosophy |
Rene Descartes |
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The branch of philosophy that talks about thinking |
Logic |
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The branches of philosophy that consider man in so far as he thinks |
Epistemology Logic |
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The branches of philosophy that talks about man in so far as he acts |
Political Philosophy Ethics |
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The philosophers mentioned in the chapter of Culture and Ethics |
John Ladd Raymond Williams Ruth Benedict |
