Chapta Seven

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Judiciary Act of 1789

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a landmark statute adopted on September 24, 1789 in the first session of the First United States Congress establishing the U.S. federal judiciary

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Report on Public Credit

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The First Report on Public Credit was the first of three major reports on economic policy issued by Alexander Hamilton on the request of Congress. The report analyzed the financial standing of the United States of America and made recommendations for the retirement of the national debt.

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Report on Manufacturers

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monthly consumer goods and materials report from the Preliminary Report on Manufacturers' Shipments, Inventories, and Orders

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Jay’s Treaty

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a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that is credited with averting war, resolving some issues remaining since the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which ended the American Revolution, and allowing ten or more years of mostly peaceful trade between the United States and Britain in the midst of the French Revolutionary Wars

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John Jay

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after the American Revolution, Jay was a minister (ambassador) to Spain and France, helping to fashion United States foreign policy, and to secure favorable peace terms from Great Britain (with Jay's Treaty of 1794)

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Implied Powers

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The Congress shall have Power - To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

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Judicial Review

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the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review, and possible invalidation, by the judiciary

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Strict Construction

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a particular legal philosophy of judicial interpretation that limits or restricts judicial interpretation. The phrase is also commonly used more loosely as a generic term for conservatism among the judiciary

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Federalist Party

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political party in the period 1787 to 1816, the era of the First Party System, with remnants lasting into the 1820s. The Federalists controlled the federal government until 1801. The party was formed by Alexander Hamilton

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Pinckney Treaty

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also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River

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Whiskey Rebellion

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a resistance movement in what was the western part of the United States in the 1790s, during the presidency of George Washington. The conflict was rooted in western dissatisfaction with various policies of the eastern-based national government

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Alexander Hamilton

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the first United States Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher. also the founder of the federalist party and co-writer of the federalist papers

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Henry Knox

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a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, and also served as the first United States Secretary of War.

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Edmund Randolph

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was an American attorney, the seventh Governor of Virginia, the second Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General.

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James Madison

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an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817)

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Charles Pinckney

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an early American statesman of South Carolina, Revolutionary War veteran, and delegate to the Constitutional Convention. He was twice nominated by the Federalist Party as their presidential candidate, but he did not win either election

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General Anthony Wayne

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a United States Army general and statesman. Wayne adopted a military career at the outset of the American Revolutionary War, where his military exploits and fiery personality quickly earned him a promotion to the rank of brigadier general and the sobriquet of Mad Anthony

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John Marshall

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the Chief Justice of the United States (1801-1835) whose court opinions helped lay the basis for American constitutional law while promoting nationalism and making the Supreme Court of the United States a center of power with the capability of overruling Congress

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Washington’s Farewell Address

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Washington sought to convince the American people that his service was no longer necessary by, once again, as he had in his first inaugural address, telling them that he truly believed he was never qualified to be president and if he accomplished anything during his presidency it was as a result of their support and efforts to help the country survive and prosper. Despite his confidence that the country would survive without his leadership, Washington used the majority of the letter to offer advice as a "parting friend" on what he believed were the greatest threats to the survival of the nation

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Thomas Jefferson

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the third President of the United States (1801–1809) and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776)

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XYZ Affair

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a diplomatic event that strained relations between France and the United States, and led to an undeclared naval war called the Quasi-War

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Naturalization Law

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directed the clerk of the court to record the entry of all aliens into the United States. The clerk collected information including the applicant's name, birthplace, age, nation of allegiance, country of emigration, and place of intended settlement, and granted each applicant a certificate that could be exhibited to the court as evidence of time of arrival in the United States

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Election of 1796

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the first contested American presidential election and the only one to elect a President and Vice President from opposing tickets

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Election of 1800

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Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent president John Adams. The election was a realigning election that ushered in a generation of Democratic-Republican Party rule and the eventual demise of the Federalist Party in the First Party System

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Quasi-War

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an undeclared war fought mostly at sea between the United States and French Republic from 1798 to 1800

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Convention of Mortefontaine

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a treaty between the United States of America and France to settle the hostilities that had erupted during the Quasi-War

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Treaty of Greenville

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between a coalition of Native Americans & Frontiers men, known as the Western Confederacy, and the United States following the Native American loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. It put an end to the Northwest Indian War

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Treaty of San Lorenzo

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Pinckney's Treaty

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Alien and Sedition Acts

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our bills passed in 1798 by the Federalists in the 5th United States Congress during an undeclared naval war with France, later known as the Quasi-War. They were signed into law by President John Adams. Proponents claimed the acts were designed to protect the United States from enemy aliens, and to prevent seditious attacks from weakening the government

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Virginia Resolution

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political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, in which the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures resolved not to abide by Alien and Sedition Acts

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Kentucky Resolution

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Virginia Resolution