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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Puberty |
1. the hormonal and physical changes that contribute to sexual maturity and adult height • Think of internal and external changes physically related to becoming an adult |
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Menarche
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is the first menstrual cycle
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Spermarche
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is a boy’s first ejaculation of sperm
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Secular Trend
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hitting puberty younger because improvements in nutrition
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Adrenal androgens |
* produced by adrenal gland (stestes and estrogen) found in both sexes * Program sexual desire and skin and bodily hair growth * Androgens begin secretion in middle childhood ( Between ages 6 to 8) * First sexual feelings programmed by adrenal androgens ( About age 10) |
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Gonads (sex organs) |
* Testes * Ovaries * Adrenal androgens |
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HPG Axis (Hypothalamic, Pituitary, Gonad) |
* Main hormonal system programming puberty * Hypothalamus triggers the pituitary to secrete its hormones, which, in turn, trigger the gonads to secrete their hormones, which produce major body changes |
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Primary Sexual Characteristics |
1. Growth of uterus, maturation of the ovaries, onset of menarche 2. Growth of penis, testes, onset of spermarche |
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Secondary Sexual Characteristics |
1. Physical changes not directly involved in reproduction 2. Hair growth, voice changes, acne, breast development 3. Growth Spurt : Dramatic increase in weight and height |
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Puberty Timetables: Individual Differences Influences |
* Genetics * Weight * Nutrition * Stress |
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Maturing Early: Possible Problems for Girls |
* Special risk of developing acting-out behaviors * Gravitate to older friends * Unprotected sex * Possible disconnect from school (poor grades) * Risk of becoming anxious/depressed * Body dissatisfaction * Self-consciousness |
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Feelings of competence in five domains relates to overall self-esteem. |
* Susan Harter’s research: Scholastic competence, behavioral conduct, athletic skills, peer likeability, appearance * For adolescents, contentment with one’s appearance outweighs any other category. |
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Anorexia Nervosa |
* Affects 1 in 1,000 teenagers (majority girls) * Self-starvation to being 85% or less of healthy body weight * Starvation can destroy body organs and cause death. * Medical emergencies require hospitalization (2/3 of ideal weight or less). * Menstruation ceases * Distorted body image |
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Bulimia Nervosa |
*Characterized by at least biweekly cycles of binging and purging * In addition to forced vomiting, purging may include taking laxatives and/or diuretics, fasting, and excess exercise. * Major consequences *Mouth sores, loss of tooth enamel (gray teeth), esophageal ulcers, esophageal cancer *Prevalence is increasing |
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Risk Factors Eating Disorders |
* Strong hereditary component, especially in girls * Temperamental tendency: 1. to be anxious, 2. to have low self-efficacy, 3. to have a great need for approval, and an inability to express legitimate needs. |
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Interventions Eating Disorders |
* Depression and low self-worth * Subscribe to the “thin” ideal * Focus on: Elevating self-efficacy * Promoting true self-esteem * Demanding genuine effort * Encouraging autonomy (“It’s your choice.”) |
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Sexual Double-Standard |
Cultural code that gives men greater sexual freedom than women |
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What causes them to have sex earlier |
* Peer pressure * Older boyfriend or girlfriend * hit puberty at younger age |
