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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Involves forming a memory code
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Encoding
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Involves maintaining encoded information in memory over time.
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Storage
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Involves recovering information from memory stores.
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Retrieval
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Involves focusing awareness on a narrow range of stimuli or events.
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Attention
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Proposes deeper levels of processing resulting in longer lasting memory codes.
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Levels of Processing Theory
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Structural Encoding: Emphasizes the physical structure of the stimulus.
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Shallow Processing
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Phonemic Encoding: Emphasizes what a word sounds like.
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Intermediate Processing
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Semantic Encoding: Emphasizes the meaning of verbal input.
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Deep Processing
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What are the two techniques of enriching the encoding process?
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Elaboration
Visual Imagery |
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Linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding.
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Elaboration
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Preserves information in its original sensory form for a brief time, usually only a fraction of a second.
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Sensory Store
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The creation of visual images to represent the words to be remembered.
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Visual Imagery
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A limited capacity store that can maintain unrehearsed information for up to 20 seconds.
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STM
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An unlimited capacity store that can hold information for a lengthy time.
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LTM
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Memory created in great detail during a personally significant event. Has a photographic quality.
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Flashbulb Memory
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An organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object or event.
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Schemas
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Consists of nodes representing concepts, joined together by pathways that link related concepts.
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Semantic Network
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Assume that cognitive processes depends on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks that resemble neural networks
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Parallel Distributed Processes
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Stimuli that help gain access to memories.
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Retrieval Cues
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Occurs when participants recall of an event they witnessed is altered by introducing misleading post event information
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Misinformation Effect
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The proportion of material remembered.
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Retention
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Requires participants to reproduce information on their own without any cues.
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Recall
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Retention requires participants to select previously learned information from an array of options.
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Recognition
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Proposes that forgetting occurs because memory traces fade with time.
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Decay Interference
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Proposes that people forget information because of competition of other material.
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Interference Theory
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When new information impairs the retention of previously learned information.
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Retroactive interference
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Occurs when previously learned information interferes with the retention of new information.
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Proactive Interference
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States that the value of a retrieval cue depends on how well it corresponds to the memory code.
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Encoding Specificity Principal
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What type of memory handles factual information?
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Declarative Memory
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Houses memory for actions, skills, condition responses and emotional memories.
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Procedural Memory
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A person loses memories for events that occur prior to the injury
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Retrograde Amnesia
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A person loses memories for events that occur after to the injury.
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Anterograde Amnesia
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Made up of chronological or temporarily dated recollections of personal experience.
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Episodic Memory
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Contains general knowledge that is not tied to the time when the information was learned.
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Semantic Memory
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Remembering to perform actions in the future.
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Prospective Memory
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Remembering events from the past or previously learned information.
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Retrospective Memory
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Strategies for enhancing memories.
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Mnemonic
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