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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cells
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building blocks of the human body
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cell theory
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a 4 step theory which biologists have created over time
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cytology
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the study of the structure and function of cells
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plasma membrane (cell membrane)
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separates the cell contents (cytoplasm)
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centrioles
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essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division
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cytoskeleton
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strength and support; movement of cellular structures and materials
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plasma membrane
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isolation; protection; sensitivity; support; controls entry and exit of materials
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microvilli
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increase surface area to aid absorbsion of extracellular materials
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cilla
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movement of material over cell surface
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proteasomes
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breakdown and recycling of damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins
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ribosomes
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protein synthesis
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peroxisomes
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vesicles containing degradative enzymes
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lysosomes
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vesicles containing digestive enzymes
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golgi apparatus
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stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers
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mitochondria
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produce 95℅ of the ATP required by the cell
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endoplasmic recticulum
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network of membraneous channels extending throughout the cytoplasm
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hydrophilic
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heads on the outside
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hydrophobic
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tails on the inside
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phospholipid bilayer
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the plasma membrane
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ribosomes
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translation occurs here; AA are assembled by these protein factories
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mitochondria
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the powerhouse of the cell; uses O2 to produce 95% of the cells ATP
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nucleolus
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found in the nucleus; these contain RNA and protein, and form rRNA and ribosomes
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Microtubile, microfilament
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structures that make up the cells cytoskeleton
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microvilli
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finger-like folds of the cell membrane that increase surface area
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cilla flagella
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made of microtubules in a 9+2 array; these move substances along in epithelial surface
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centrioles
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made of microtubules; these form the spindle mechanism during mitosis
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plasma membrane
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acts as a selectively permiable barrier, isolating the cell from the extracellular fluid
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cytosol
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the intracellular fluid
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endoplasmic recticulum
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the highway system of the cell; these membranes store and transport substances
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rough er
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with ribosomes - proteins produced
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smooth er
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w/o ribosomes - CHO and lipids produced
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lysosomes
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suicide packets; these vehicles contain digestive enzymes that can break down cell parts or the entire cell
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peroxisomes
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vesicles containing digestive enzes that break down fatty acids and toxic compounds
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golgi apparatus
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packaging center, packages secretory products, forms lysosomes
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nucleus
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contains chromatin, directs protein synthesis, controls cell metabolism
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phospolipid bilayer
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known as the plasma membrane
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passive processes
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move ions or molecules across the plasma membrane without any energy expenditure by the cell
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active processes
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require that the cell expend energy
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diffusion
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the movement of molecules from an area of relatively high concentration to an area of low concentration
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osmosis
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the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
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solutes
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solution that contains a variety of dissolved solutions
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carrier-mediated transport
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membrane proteins bind specific ions or inorganic substrates and carry them across the plasma membrane
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facilitated diffusion
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compounds can be passively transported across a membrane by carrier proteins called -
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active transport
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the high energy bond in ATP provides the energy needed to move ions or molecules across the membrane
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ion pumps
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actively transport the
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