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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four basic steps of respiratory system?
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Ventilation - "breathing" air in, air out
External respiration - gas exchange between air and blood Transportation- in blood O2 & CO2 Internal resp - gas exchange blood and tissues |
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Ventilation is all about...?
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Pressure
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Gas moves from high to low pressure or from low to high?
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high to low
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Atmospheric pressure is within the lungs or outside the body
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outside the body
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What is intrapulmonary and where does it take place?
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changes with inhale and exhale and it is within the lungs
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Intrapleural is where and how does it compare to intrapulmonay?
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forms vacuum between lung, pleura, and chest wall
its always less than intrapulmonary |
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Transpulmonary formula
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intrapulmonary - intrapleural
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What is Boyle's Law?
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one goes up other comes down
p=1/V |
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How do you increase volume & decrease pressure with inhalation?
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1. muscles contract to rise rib cage
2. lungs stick to ribs cause of pleural fluid, lungs open 3. vol increases & pressure decreases 4. air comes in |
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How do we get air out? Exhalation
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1. muscles relax, rib cage collapses (cause of gravity)
2. vol decreases & pressure increases 3. air goes out |
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List the factors that effect ventilation?
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1. resistance/friction
2. pressure differences between in and outside 3. surface tension 4. lung compliance (flexibility of lung) |
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Lung Measurements, what do the abv mean?
1. TV 2. IRV 3. ERV 4. RV 5. VC |
1. Tidal vol - in and out
2. Inspiratory reserve vol - inspired forcible 3. Expiratory reserve vol - forcible exhaled 4. residual volume - air in lungs after ERV 5. max amount of exchangeable air TV+IRV+ERV=VC |
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Dalton's Law says?
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More % of gas the pressure of that gas goes up. (just a ratio)
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Henry's Law is?
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more gas = more pressure = faster diffusion
Balloon pops if really full, if not really full it will slowly whistle out |
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Name the external respiration factors
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1. Dalton and Henry's laws
2. High to low concentration, blood moves from High to low 3. structural characteristics of respir membrane |
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How does O2 transport
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hemoglobin
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unloading O2 in external respiration
vs unloading in internal resp |
extrenal
improved with +O2 O2 pressure & PH = high low temp, pressure, acidity Internal opp of all of the above removed O2 pressure & ph = low |
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How does CO2 transport
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plasma
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Unload/loading CO2
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Haldane effect -O2 off, XO2 on
Bohr effect -XO2 on, O2 off |
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Regulates breathing, who/what?
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Ventral resp group (VRG)
Dorsal resp group (DRG) Pons Pontine resp group (PRG) |
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Resp influences
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1. Pulmonary irritant (we cough or sneeze to fix
2. Inflation reflex - lung inflation 3. hypothalamus 3. cerebrum 4. chemorecptors |
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Resp disorders
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1. COPD
2. Asthma 3. TB 4. Colds 5. Flu 6. pneumothorax (collapsed lung 7. pleurisy - fiction between layers |
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Why no smoking?
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damage to cilia, macrophages
Cancer Heart disease slow collagen, wounds, wrinkles, bones cataracts, pee pants, genetic mutation |
