Chapitre 14 - Grammaire

Front 1

Ouvrir: to open

Back 1

J'ouvre, tu ouvres, il/elle/on ouvre, nous ouvrons, vous ouvrez, ils/elles ouvrent, P.C. J'ai ouvert

Front 2

Couvrir: to cover

Back 2

Je couvre, tu couvres, il/elle/on couvre, nous couvrons, vous couvrez, ils/elles couvrent, P.C. J'ai couvert

Front 3

Découvrir: to discover

Back 3

Je découvre, tu découvres, il/elle/on découvre, nous découvrons, vous découvrez, ils/elles découvrent, P.C. J'ai découvert

Front 4

Offrir: to offer

Back 4

J'offre, tu offres, il/elle/on offre, nous offrons, vous, offrez, ils/elles offrent, P.C. J'ai offert

Front 5

Souffrir: to suffer

Back 5

Je souffre, tu souffres, il/elle/on souffre, nous souffrons, vous souffrez, ils/elles souffent, P.C. J'ai souffert

Front 6

Ouvrir: to open

Back 6

J'ouvre, tu ouvres, il/elle/on ouvre, nous ouvrons, vous ouvrez, ils/elles ouvrent, P.C. J'ai ouvert

Front 7

Couvrir: to cover

Back 7

Je couvre, tu couvres, il/elle/on couvre, nous couvrons, vous couvrez, ils/elles couvrent, P.C. J'ai couvert

Front 8

Découvrir: to discover

Back 8

Je découvre, tu découvres, il/elle/on découvre, nous découvrons, vous découvrez, ils/elles découvrent, P.C. J'ai découvert

Front 9

Offrir: to offer

Back 9

J'offre, tu offres, il/elle/on offre, nous offrons, vous, offrez, ils/elles offrent, P.C. J'ai offert

Front 10

Souffrir: to suffer

Back 10

Je souffre, tu souffres, il/elle/on souffre, nous souffrons, vous souffrez, ils/elles souffent, P.C. J'ai souffert

Front 11

There are three ways to express the future in French.

Back 11

[Arriver: to arrive] Present: J'arrive, Near Future: Je vais arriver, Future Tense: J'arriverai

Front 12

Verbs with Regular Future Stems

Back 12

Je [infinitive] + ai; tu [infinitive] + as; Il/elle/on [infinitive] + a; nous [infinitive] + ons; vous [infinitive] + ez; ils/elles [infinitive] + ont. Note**: the final -e of the infinitivr of -re verbs is dropped.

Front 13

Regular -ER verbs in the Future

Back 13

[Diriger: to direct] Je dirigerai; tu dirigeras; il/elle/on dirigera; nous dirigerons; vous dirigerez; ils/elles dirigeront

Front 14

Regular -RE verbs in the Future

Back 14

[Peindre: to paint] Je peindrai; tu peindras, il/elle/on peindra; nous peindrons; vous peindrez; ils/elles peindront

Front 15

Regular -IR verbs in the Future

Back 15

[Souffrir: to suffer] Je souffrirai; tu souffriras; il/elle/on souffrira; nous souffrirons; vous souffrirez; ils/elles souffriront

Front 16

Verbs with Irregular Stems

Back 16

Aller [ir-]; Avour [aur-]; Devoir [devr-]; Envoyer [enverr-]; être [ser-]; Faire [fer-]; Falloir [faudr-]; Mourir [mourr-]; Pleuvoir [pleuvr-]; Pouvoir [pourr]; Recevoir [recevr-]; Savoir [saur-]; Venir [viendr-]; Voir [verr-]; Vouloir [voudr-]

Front 17

The opposite of Ouvrir is Fermer.

Back 17

Fermer: to close

Front 18

Verbs with spelling irregularities in the present tense have irregularities in the future, such as Acheter, Appeler, Essayer and Payer.

Back 18

[Acheter: to buy] j'achèterai; [Appeler: to call] j'appellerai; [Essayer: to try] J'essaierai; [Payer:to pay] je payerai / paierai

Front 19

Uses of the Future Tense in French

Back 19

Primarily, the use of the Future Tense in French parallels that of English.

Front 20

If-clauses take the Present Tense in French

Back 20

SI je POSE ma canididature pour ce poste, j'aurai peut-être des chances de l'obtenir.

Front 21

Use the Future Tense in dependent clauses with words such as quand, lorsque, dès que, or aussitôt (as soon as).

Back 21

Je te téléphonerai dès que j'arriverai.

Front 22

The Future Tense can also be used to politely express a command, a request, or a piece of advice.

Back 22

Tu me donneras ton adresse avant de partir.

Front 23

Les pronoms relatifs (who, who, that, which, whose) link a dependent clause with to a main clause.

Back 23

Qui, Que, Lequel, et Dont

Front 24

QUI

Back 24

(who, that, which) is a relative pronoun that is used as a SUBJECT of a dependent clause. It can refer to both people and things.

Front 25

QUI

Back 25

will always be followed by a conjugated verb, does not elide when followed by a vowel, and can be used as the object of a preposition that refers to people.

Front 26

QUE

Back 26

(whom, that, which) is a relative pronoun that is used as the direct object of a dependent clause. It can refer to both people and things.

Front 27

QUE

Back 27

will always be followed by a subject and a conjugated verb, and does elide with a following vowel.

Front 28

DONT

Back 28

replaces [de + object]

Front 29

DONT

Back 29

If the verb of the dependent clause requires the preposition de before an object, use dont.

Front 30

DONT

Back 30

can be used to express possession. When dont is used a possessive adjective is not needed.

Front 31

Où

Back 31

(where, when, which) is a relative pronoun of time and place.

Front 32

La comparaison de l'adjectif qualification

Back 32

plus... que (more... than), moins... que (less... than), aussi... que (as... as)

Front 33

These constructions (plus... que, moins... que, et aussi... que) can be used with adjectives to express a comparison. It is not always necessary to state the second term of comparison.

Back 33

Chez l'épicier, les produits sont plus cher (qu'à Carrefour).

Front 34

Comparison of Adjectives (used with two objects)

Back 34

Stressed pronouns are used after que when a pronoun is required. Par exemple: Elle (subject p) est (verb) plus intelligente qui (adjective) lui (stressed p).

Front 35

Superlative Form (used with three or more objects)

Back 35

In order to for the superlative of an adjective, use the appropriate definite article with the comparative form of the adjective.

Front 36

Comparative and Superlative Form

Back 36

COMPARATIVE: Juliette est plus frisée que Deborah. SUPERLATIVE: Alice est la plus frisée des trois.

Front 37

Superlative Form (used with three or more objects) Superlative adjectives normally follow the nouns that they modify, and the definite article is repeated.

Back 37

Alice est la femme la plus frisée des trois. (Alice is the women with the curliest hair of the three).

Front 38

Superlative Form

Back 38

Adjective that usually precede the nouns they modify can either precede or follow the nouns in the superlative construction. If the adjective follows the noun, the definite article must be repeated.

Front 39

Superlative Form

Back 39

the preposition de expresses in or of in a superlative construction.

Front 40

Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms

Back 40

the adjective bon(ne) has irregular comparative and superlative forms:
Bon(ne) = meilleur(e) [comparative; le meilleur / la meilleure [superlative].

Front 41

Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms

Back 41

the adjective mauvais(e) has both irregualr and regular forms: Mauvais(e) = plus mauvais(e) / pire [comparative]; le plus mauvais / la plus mauvaise / le/la pire [superlative]