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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organelle
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small cellular structures
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Cell
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structural unit of all living things
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What functions do cells have in common?
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Divide and make energy
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Plasma Membrane
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exterenal boundary of cell;regulates flow of material into and out of the cell. site of cell signaling
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Lysomes
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contains digestive enzymes of many varieties;"suicide sac" of the cell
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Mitochondrion
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scattered throughout the cell;major site of ATP synthesis
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Microvilla
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slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area
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Inclusions
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stored glycogen granules, crystals, pigments, and so on
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Golgi Apparatus
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membranous system consisting of flattened sacs and vesicles;packages proteins for export
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Nucleus
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control center of the cell;necessary for cell division and cell life
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Centrioles
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two rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus;direct formation of the mitotic spindle
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Nucleolus
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dense, darkly staining nuclear body;packaging site for ribosomes
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Microfiliments
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contractile elements of the cytosleleton
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Smooth endoplasmic
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membranous system;involved in intracellular transport of proteins and synthesis of membrane lipids
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Rough endoplasmic
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studded with ribosomes provide an area for storage and transport of proteins:synthesizes phosoholipids and cholesterol
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ribosomes
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attached to membrane systems or scattered in the cytoplasm;synthesixe proteins
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chromatin
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threadlike structures in the nucleus;contain genetic material(DNA)
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Peroxisome
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site of free radical detoxification
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Intermediate filaments
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stable elements composed of a variety of proteins and resist mechanical forces acting on cells
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Microtubules
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form the internal structure of the centrioles and help determine cell shape
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Structure Function
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Different structure of cells do different things
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Terminal Cell
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doesn't divide
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Animal Cell
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complex
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Integral proteins
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cells have their own identification they reconize proteins provide ridigity to give cell shape and attactment Cell to cell recognition.
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Primary Active Transport
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protein lets energy in and out protein changes its conformation and pumps the bound solute across the membrane
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How cells contact other cells
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Tight Junction-strongest
skin, water, bags bacteria Desmosone next zipper. Gap Junction weakest two channels linking up white blood cells |
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Extracellular Fluid
watery enviroment |
diffusion from high to low until disolved.Concentration graident
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Simple diffusion
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through the phospholopid bilayer gases, water osmosis water diffusion
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Facilitated diffusion
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Small lipid insoluble solutes In a hopotonic solution(water0 cells take in water by osmosis blouted and burste (lyse)
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Osmolarity
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Over consentration of salt
Salt would shrink bloodvessel |
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Isotonic
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blood should be at a correct consentration
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Golgi three functions
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modify protein
secret protein breakdown protein |
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Endomembrane system
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Smooth ER
Rough ER Vacuole Plasma Membrane Lysosome Golgi |
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Cytoskeleton
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Ridigity and Support three proteins. Microfilament /protein actin/muscle contration thinest flexable support movement
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Intermediate filaments
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most stable
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Centrioles
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pull apart DNA
Only present when the cell is dividing |
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flagella
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tail not charged long thin
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Cilia
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large numbers movement of mucus across cell surfaces, beat up dust
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DNA plus histones surrounded by envelope
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Chromatin ( ball shaped condensed)
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Chromosome
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process of cell division have X stucture ( two chromatin)
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Interphase
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Cells at rest
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Mitotic phase
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cell starting to divide
when a cell needs to divide it needs to multiply by 2 |
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Apoptosis
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program cell death DNA not copied properly
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Phrophase
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nucleus desolves
Centrioles form group/spindles form Chromosomes the DNA form they must line up properly |
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Metaphase
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Chromosomes start to pull apart
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Anaphase
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chromosomes start to pull apart
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Telophase
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cell starts to form two cells and reform the nucleus
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Cytokinesis
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cell into two daugthers
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