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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a covenant?
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An agreement between persons. A covenant consists of:
1. parties 2. obligations/stipulations 3. promises 4. oaths/vows 5. blessings and curses 6. witnesses. God’s covenant with man is described as a “voluntary condescension on God’s part” (WCF 7). |
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What is the Covenant of Works? Who are its parties?
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(WSC 12) When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience; forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death.
The parties are God and Adam, as well as all the descendants of Adam. |
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Is there a present validity to the Covenant of Works?
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-The present validity of the Covenant of Works is the federal headship of Adam. He is our representative, and his sin and the subsequent effects of the fall are passed down to his descendants. We have sinned, fallen, and reaped the consequences of disobedience in Adam.
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What is the Covenant of Redemption? who are its parties?
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(WSC 20) God, having out of his mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer.
(WLC 31) The covenant of grace was made with Christ as the second Adam, and in him with all the elect as his seed. |
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Discuss the Covenant of Grace
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1. Gracious = God had no obligation to enter into covenant and his word is the insurance of its validity.
2. Trinitarian = Father elects, Son justifies, Spirit applies effectually 3. Eternal = cannot be broken 4. Particular = only effectual for the elect, not universal in scope 5. One covenant of grace with various administrations (dispensations) |
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Discuss the relationship between the Old and New Covenants. Defend from Scripture.
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WCF 7. 6 & WLC 32 - 35
There is one covenant with different dispensations: Gal 3:14 so that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles, so that we might receive the promised Spirit through faith. There is a distinction between the Old and New (Heb 8:13 In speaking of a new covenant, he makes the first one obsolete. And what is becoming obsolete and growing old is ready to vanish away.) and the New in this sense replaces the old. |
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Explain and defend with Scripture proofs the orthodox doctrine of the person of Christ.
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(WSC 21) The only redeemer of God’s elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal son of God, became man, and so was, and continues to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, forever.
Luke 1:35 = birth of Christ, fully man Col. 2:9= fully God Heb. 1:1-4 = the union of both God and man |
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Briefly discuss the natures of Christ, including:
Was Christ a human person? Does Christ have a soul? |
Yes Christ was a human person with a soul.
(WSC 22) Christ took to himself a true body and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit in the womb of the virgin Mary and born of her, yet without sin. John 1:1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. John 1:14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. Luke 23:46 "into thy hands I commit my spirit" |
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What is kenosis?
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Kenosis is a theological term from Philippians 2:5-11 which refers to the incarnation of Christ. He is described as having “emptied himself” and taken human form. In taking on human flesh, Christ is spoken of undergoing some manner of self-limitation. The emptying has two aspects to it: taking on the likeness of sinful humanity and enduring death on the cross. Dr. Bayer underscores the humility of Christ in not exercising all the privileges of the godhead in the incarnation.
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Did Christ lay aside any of his divine attributes at the incarnation?
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-No, Colossians 2:9 - “in Christ, all the fullness of the deity lives in bodily form”
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Briefly explain and defend against the challenges to orthodox Christology posed by: Docetism
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Christ only appears to become a man, the suffering and other human traits were merely imaginary phenomena - not a true body and a rational soul at the incarnation.
Rebuttal - John 20 and Thomas touching the nail prints and the wounded side of Jesus. |
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Briefly explain and defend against the challenges to orthodox Christology posed by:
Arius |
Christ is not the eternal son of God, rather the first created being. Jesus was a heavenly being and an intermediary between God and man – but still a created being.
Rebuttal - John 1:1-14. In the beginning was the Word... Word was with God, Word was God.... and the Word became flesh and dwelt among us!! |
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Briefly explain and defend against the challenges to orthodox Christology posed by:
Nestorius |
Christ is divided into two persons, a human and divine.
Rebuttal - Col. 2:9: For in him the whole fullness of deity dwells bodily, |
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Briefly explain and defend against the challenges to orthodox Christology posed by:
Apollinarius |
Christ lacked a human soul, rather it was replaced by the logos. Allowed Christ only a divine nature and no human initiative
WSC 22 - “reasonable soul” Luke 1:35 "born of Mary" John 1:1 "became flesh" Luke 2:40,52 "grew, became strong, increased in wisdom, stature and in favor with God and man" Luke 23:46 - "Into thy hands I commit my spirit" |
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Briefly explain and defend against the challenges to orthodox Christology posed by:
Eutyches |
Christ only had one nature, a mixture of both human and divine. (implying that Christ was a "third something" made from the mixture of divinity and humanity).
WSC #21 - The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, and so was, and continueth to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, forever. WSC #22 - Christ, the Son of God, became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her yet without sin. |
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Are any these early heresies regarding the nature of Christ held today? If so, by whom?
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The Jehovah Witnesses and the Mormons hold a form of Arianism.
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Explain and defend the doctrine of the “communication of properties.”
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A term within Christology that attempts to account for the way in which each of Christ’s natures’ properties are interchanged in the unity of his person-hood. Both the human and divine properties are held in common by the one person of Christ in the incarnation.
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Define the following name:
Jesus |
he will save his people from their sins
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Define the following name:
Son of Man |
Jesus favorite title for himself, taken from the book of Daniel
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Define the following name:
Christ |
Messiah, the anointed one of God
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Define the following name:
Son of God |
Jesus unique reality as the second member of the trinity
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Define the following name:
Lord |
New Testament designation for Christ as Yahweh.
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Define the following name:
Lamb of God |
Jesus as the sacrificial lamb who takes away the sins of the world
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How was Christ born?
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Luke 1:26-38 & 2:1-6 Birth of Christ to the virgin Mary
Christ, the Son of God, became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her yet without sin. WSC #22 |
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Explain and defend the Virgin Birth.
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Isaiah 7:14 Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.
Luke 1:26-38 Birth of Jesus foretold WSC 22 - Christ, the Son of God, became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her yet without sin. WSC #22 |
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Trace the revelation of the person and work of Christ from the beginning of the Old Testament.
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promised redeemer in Gen 3:15
prophet, priest, and king temple implements, sacrifices, and laws Angel of the Lord |
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What is the humiliation of Christ?
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Christ’s humiliation consisted in being born and that in a low condition made under the law undergoing the miseries of this life the wrath of God and the cursed death of the cross, in being buried and continuing under the power of death for a time.” WSC #26
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Define and distinguish the active and passive obedience of Christ.
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Active = He fulfills the stipulations of the moral law in perfect obedience
Passive= He willingly undergoes the curses of the law for our sakes. |
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What happened in the resurrection of Christ?
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Christ's exaltation consisteth in his rising again from the dead on the third day, in ascending up into heaven, in sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and in coming to judge the world at the last day. – WSC#28
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Discuss the “glorified body”
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The glorified body is the resurrected state whereby the body is animated and guided wholly by the Spirit, free from sinful inclinations, imperishable, glorious and powerful.
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What are the offices of Christ?
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Christ, as our Redeemer, executeth the offices of a prophet, of a priest, and of a king, both in his estate of humiliation and exaltation. WSC #23
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Who is the only redeemer of God’s elect?
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The only Redeemer of God's elect is the Lord Jesus Christ, who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, and so was, and continueth to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, for ever. -WSC 21
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What is a redeemer?
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Someone who buys back another from slavery or bondage of some sort.
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What is the atonement?
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Christ paying the penalty for our sin. He died my death and paid my debt. It combines the images of justifying, reconciling, substituting, and assuaging God’s wrath.
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Was the atonement necessary?
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Yes - Man is spiritually unable (dead) to please God or turn away his wrath by nature. We are enslaved to sin, and God is holy and must punish sin by death. God choosing to elect some to salvation had to provide a means of atoning for their sin by a Redeemer.
Rom 3:23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 2 Cor 5:21 For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God. Gal 4:3-5 ... we were enslaved...God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons. |
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Why isn’t a good life enough to gain salvation?
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Isaiah 53:6 - All like sheep have gone astray...
Ephesians 2:1-10 - dead in trespasses and sins.... grace you have been saved, not a result of works, so that no one may boast |
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Define:
Expiation |
atonement for sins through the death of Christ on the cross as the sacrifice once and for all
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Define:
Propitiation |
turn away/satisfy God’s wrath
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Define:
Reconciliation |
restoring alienated people back into fellowship
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Define:
Redemption |
to buy back at a price
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Define:
Imputation |
to reckon, to charge to one’s account. Christ’s righteousness is imputed to believers.
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What is the nature of the atonement? Discuss “penal substitutionary atonement”.
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The nature of the atonement is satisfaction to God for the breaking of the law (Penal Substitution - law is broken, so there must be a punishment.)
The fulfillment of the law is in Christ through His vicarious obedience (active and passive, progressive and climatic), which is accomplished by His work on the cross. Atonement purifies the sinner because of their guilt of sin and Christ’s work on the cross. Removal of guilt and sin, cleaning of heart and conscious before God. Christ became sin for us that we may receive declaration of righteousness from God. - 2 Cor 5:21 For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God. Christ became a curse for us that we may avoid the curse - Gal 3:13-14 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us—for it is written, "Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree"— so that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles, so that we might receive the promised Spirit through faith. |
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What of Christ’s work remains to be done?
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The calling of the elect to salvation, his second coming, and the subsequent judgement of all the nations.
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Were the Old Testament believers saved by Christ?
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WCF 8.6 - Although the work of redemption was not actually wrought by Christ till after His incarnation, yet the virtue, efficacy, and benefits thereof were communicated unto the elect, in all ages successively from the beginning of the world....
Promise of the Redeemer looked forward to by OT saints as we look back at the cross |
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Will any for whom Christ died be lost?
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WCF 8.8 - To all those for whom Christ hath purchased redemption, he doth certainly and effectually apply and communicate the same...
John 6:37 All the Father gives will come... I will never cast them out John 10:27-28 My sheep hear my voice, I know them, they follow me... they will never perish, no one will snatch them... Romans 8 Therefore no condemnation.... speaks of life in the Spirit and assurance of hope. |
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How is the Covenant of Grace related to the Abrahamic Covenant?
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The promised Redeemer (seed of Gen 3:15) is coming one step closer in the covenant with Abraham. God chooses one man to be the eventual father of the promised Redeemer, the scope of the covenant encompasses all nations (eventually), and the sign of circumcision is added to the covenant as a physical reminder of God’s faithfulness to his covenant.
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How is the Covenant of Grace related to the Mosaic Covenant?
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The stipulations of the law are given in great detail under this administration of the covenant, regarding sacrifice, worship, and community, as a response to the redemption God achieves on behalf of his people.
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How is the Covenant of Grace related to the Noahic Covenant?
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This administration of the covenant underscores God’s intention not to abandon the work of his hands but to sustain, preserve, and redeem his good creation through families, despite the ongoing presence of sin in the world.
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How does Christ execute the office of a prophet?
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Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in revealing to us, by his word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation. WSC #24
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How does Christ execute the office of a priest?
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Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering up of himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice, and reconcile us to God, and in making continual intercession for us. WSC #25
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How does Christ execute the office of a king?
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Christ executeth the office of a king, in subduing us to himself, in ruling and defending us, and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies. WSC #26
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Where does Westminster deal with God's Way of Salvation?
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WCF 7-8
WLC 20, 30-56 WSC 12, 20-28 |
