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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cell division |
Reproduction of cells |
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Cell cylce |
The life of a cell from formation to its own division |
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Genome |
All the DNA in a cell. Can consist of a single DNA molecule or a number of DNA molecules |
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Chromosomes |
DNA molecules in a cell |
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Chromatin |
Complex of DNA and protein that condenses during cell division |
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Somatic cells |
(Nonreproductive cells) have two sets of chromosomes |
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Gametes |
(Reproductive cells:sperm and eggs) have half as many chromosomes as somatic |
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Sister chromatids |
Joined copies of the original chromosome |
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Centromere |
The narrow waist of the duplicated chromosome. Where the two chromatids are most closely attached |
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Mitosis |
The division of the genetic material in the nucleus |
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Cytokinesis |
The division of the cytoplasm |
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Interphase |
Cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division |
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G1 phase |
First gap |
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S phase |
Synthesis phase chromosomes are duplicated |
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G2 phase |
Second gap |
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Mitotic phase |
Mitosis and cytokinesis take place here |
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Prophase |
Chromosome condense and organize inside nuceuls |
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Prometaphase |
Chromosomes Organize more. In-between prophase and metaphase |
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Metaphase |
Chromosome are lining up in middle of cell |
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Anaphase |
Chromosome separate and pull to opposite sides of cells |
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Telophase |
Cell pinches in middle and start forming two new cells |
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Mitotic spindle |
A structure made of microtubules that controls chromosomes movement during mitosis |
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Centrosome |
The microtubule organizing center;assembly of spindle microtubules |
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Aster |
A radial array of short microtubules; extends from each centrosome |
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Kinetochore |
Protein complexes associated with centromeres |
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Metaphase plate |
A plane Midway between the spindles two poles |
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Cleavage |
The process of cytokinesis in animal cells characterized by the pinching of the plasma membrane |
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Cleavage furrow |
the first sign of cleavage in an animal cell;a shallow groove around the cell in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate |
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Cell plate |
A membrane bound flattened sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis |
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Binary fission |
Cell divison for prokaryotes |
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Origin of replication |
Site where the replication of a DNA molecule begins |
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Checkpoint |
Where the cell cycle stops until a go ahead signal is received |
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Density-dependent inhibition |
Crowded cells stop dividing |
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Anchorage dependence |
The requirement that a cell must be attached to a substratum in order to initiate cell division |
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Benign tumor |
The lump when abnormal cells remain only at the original site |
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Malignant tumor |
Invade surrounding tissues exporting cancer cells to other parts of the body |
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Transformation |
The conversion of a normal cell into a cell that is able to divide indefinitely in culture behaving like a cancer cell |
