Chap 6/7 Flashcards

Front 1

Pontiac

Back 1

The Ottawa Chief, who in 1763 Pontiac's tribe and some French Traders revolted against the British in "Pontiac's Uprising". They successfully sieged Detroit and overran all British outposts but 3 west of the Appalachians.

Front 2

French and Indian War

Back 2

Also known as the "Seven Years' War" was the fourth Anglo-French colonial war in the new world. This war was started by George Washington in the Ohio River Valley in 1754. This war was only fought in only in America and the British won successfully pushing back the borders.

Front 3

Albany Congress

Back 3

The Albany Congress of 1754 was the first attempt of the colonies to unite themselves together for protection of the French and Indians. The London Regime rebuked this idea and did not seem to give them much independence. All people agreed on the need for union but their weak "noddles" were perfectly distracted" when attempted to agree on details.

Front 4

Huguenots

Back 4

Were French protests in the 16 an 17th century. On St. Bartholomew's day of 1572 over ten thousand were killed. This gave the French Huguenots motivation to move into the new world which they did. Their toleration was also limited by the Edict of Nantes of 1598 and the discrimination against them now became institutionalized.

Front 5

Acadians

Back 5

In 1713 French Acadians who were conquered by the British were deported in 1753 in fear they might uprise. They were moved to Louisiana and the descendants of the French-speaking Acadians are now called "Cajuns"

Front 6

Proclamation of 1763

Back 6

After Pontiac's uprising the royal government was considered with protection of colonies and Native American attacks so they created this proclamation of 1763 to stop westward movement at the Appalachians and prohibit expansion. This proclamation was not designed to oppress but rather protect. However this was the first time the colonists really experienced a restricting law from England. Many colonists rebelled and moved West anyways.

Front 7

John Hancock

Back 7

John Hancock remains famous because he signed his name very largely and prominently on the Declaration of Independence. He said that this was to allow the British to read his name without their glasses. Signing the declaration was an act of treason punishable by death, and Hancock's emphatic signature was a statement of courage, telling everyone that the colonists were ready to stand up for their independence. Also, John Hancock was one of the four Massachusetts State delegates sent to the First Continental Congress where they were pleading to Congress to adopt the Massachusetts Militia to help them fend off the British aggression in Boston and the Second Continental Congress where the Declaration of Independence was drafted, debated, and then signed.

Front 8

George Grenville

Back 8

Caused much resentment amongst colonists in 1763 by ordering the British navy to begin strictly enforcing navigation laws. He also orded the Sugar act of 1764, Stamp tax in 1765 which really upset the colonists. Grenville was considered a very noxious leader that violated basic rights of the colonists.

Front 9

Samuel Adams

Back 9

Organized the local comitte in Massachusetts called the committees of correspondence in 1772. There was about eighty towns involved and the chief function was and thus keep alive opposition to British policy. This lead the way to other colonial committees.

Front 10

Charles Townshend

Back 10

Was a British parliament member that was known for his strong oratory. He persuaded parliament to "pluck feathers from the colonial goose with a minimum of squawking" so in 1767 he persuaded parliament to create the Townshend Acts and it was a tax on white lead, paper, paint, and tea.

Front 11

Crispus Attucks

Back 11

On March 5, 1770 the Boston Massacre erupted and Attucks was the first to die. Described as a powerfully built runaway mulatto and leader of the mob shows that during America's fight for freedom there were more than just English descendants fighting the war.

Front 12

King George III

Back 12

Was the king of England through the 18th century and attempted to assert strong monarchial power over the colonies by placing taxs and acts restricting their freedom. He was also the King that waged the revolutionary war with the Americans.

Front 13

Mercantilism

Back 13

This theory adopted by British authorities stated that wealth was power and that a country's economic wealth could be measured in the amount of gold or silver in its treasury. This justified control over colonies since the core need the colonies to supply raw materials to the mother country and provide a guaranteed market for exports.

Front 14

Virtual Representation

Back 14

The essential idea of virtual representation is that one can be represented by a decision-making process without being able to vote for those who make the decisions. That the disenfranchised were virtually represented in Parliament was an argument often put by opponents of franchise reform in England in the nineteenth century. The idea of "No taxation without representation" came from this.

Front 15

Sons of Liberty

Back 15

This colonial men took the law in their own hands by protesting shouting "Liberty, Property, and No Stamps" they enforced the nonimportation agreements against violators often wti ha generous coat of tar and feathers. These mobs also ransacked houses of unpopular officials and confiscated their money.

Front 16

Quebec Act

Back 16

In 1774 the Quebec act allowed the French border of Quebec down to the Ohio River Valley again impeding Western movement and putting the colonists of fear of french attack. The french had no representation in government.

Front 17

Navigation Acts

Back 17

Were the acts that ruined the colonies international trade and allowed allowed them to trade with Britain.

Front 18

Declaratory Act

Back 18

In 1765 the Declaratory Act was passed which reaffirmed Parliament's right to bind the colonies in all case whatsoever. This act shows that the British government wanted to have absolute power over the colonies even though they were unqualified.

Front 19

First Continental Congress

Back 19

In 1774 they first meant in Philadelphia to consider ways of redressing the colonial grievances. Twelve out of thirteen colonie showed up with delegates. It was a consultative body who came out out their first meeting to boycott British goods.

Front 20

Sugar Act

Back 20

In 1764 this act was the first law ever passed by that body fo raising tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It raides the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. After bitter protests from the colonists, the duties were lowered substantially, and the agitation died down.

Front 21

Townshend Acts

Back 21

Were created by Parliament and proposed by Charles Townshend in 1767 to put a light tax on white lead, paper, paint and tea. This was also a subtle internal tax for the colonists not an external one.

Front 22

Quartering Act

Back 22

In 1765 this act was allowed abd this forced people to allow board for troops station in the new world. Violating privacy and not giving the colonists representation in this act made the colonists very angry.

Front 23

Stamp Act

Back 23

In 1765 the stamp tax was to raise revenue to support a new military force. The stamp act mandated the use of stamped papers or the affixing of stamps, certifying the payment of tax. Stamps were required on bills for of sale for about fifty trade items.

Front 24

Hessians

Back 24

Were German mercernaries that the British hired in order to help beat the Americans. They were highly trained soldiers but only had a motive of money.

Front 25

Intolerable Acts

Back 25

The Intolerable Acts of 1774 were often attacks on massachusetts for the Boston tea party. The most devasting act was the Boston Port act which closed the bost port until damages were paid. There was also the quebec act, admirality courts, quartering acts, and no town hall/assembly meetings.