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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acquisition
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The gradual formation of an association between conditionand unconditioned Stimuli |
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Cognitive map
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A visual spatial mental representation of anenvironment
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Classical conditioning
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A type of learned response in which a neutral object comesto elicit a response when it is associated with a stimulus that alreadyproduces a response
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CS (conditioned stimulus) |
A stimulus that elicits a response only after learning hastaken place |
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CR (conditioned response) |
A response to a conditioned stimulus; a response that hasbeen learned |
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Extinction |
A process in which the conditioned response isweakened when the conditioned stimulus is repeated without the unconditionedstimulus |
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FI (fixed interval schedule) |
Reinforcing the occurrence of a particular behavior after apredetermined time since the last reward |
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FR (fixed ratio schedule) |
reinforcing a particular behavior after thatbehavior has occurred a predetermined number of times |
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Habituation |
A decrease in behavioral response after a lengthy orrepeated exposure to a stimulus |
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Insight learning |
A sudden understanding of how to solve a problemafter a period of either inaction or thinking about the problem |
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Latent learning |
learning that takes place in the absence ofreinforcement |
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Learning |
A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge thatresults from experience |
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Modeling |
The imitation of behavior through observationallearning |
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Negative punishment |
The removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability that abehavior will reoccur |
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Negative reinforcement |
The removal of a stimulus to increase theprobability that a behavior will be repeated |
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Operant conditioning |
a learning process in which the consequences of an actiondetermine the likelihood that the action will be performed in the future |
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Observational learning |
the acquisition or modification of a behaviorafter exposure to at least one performance of that behavior
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Positive reinforcement
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the addition of a stimulus to increase the probability thata behavior will be repeated
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Positive punishment
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the addition of a stimulus to decrease the probability thata behavior will reoccur
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Partial-reinforcement extinction effect
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the greater persistence behavior under partialreinforcement than under continuous reinforcement
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Sensitization
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an increase in behavioral response after lengthy orrepeated exposure to a stimulus
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Spontaneous recovery
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a process in which a previously extinguished responsereemerges after the condition stimulus is presented again
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Stimulus generalization
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Learning that occurs when stimuli that issimilar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus produced the conditionedresponse
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**Stimulus discrimination
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a differentiation between two similar stimuliwhen only one of them is consistently associated with the unconditionedstimulus
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VI (variable interval schedule)
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reinforcing the occurrence of a particular behavior after anunpredictable and varying amount of time since the last reward
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Vicarious Conditioning
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learning the consequences of an action by watchingothers being rewarded or punished for performing the action
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**VR (Variable ratio schedule)
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Reinforcing a particular behavior after thebehavior has occurred an unpredictable and varying number of times
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**US (unconditioned stimulus)
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a stimulus that elicits a response that is innate anddoes not require any prior learning
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UR (unconditioned response)
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a response that does not have to be learned such as a reflex
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