Chap 6 Nutrition

Front 1

the science of food as it relates to optiaml health and performace

Back 1

nutrition

Front 2

Food nourishes the body by supplying nutrients and calories to function in what ways?

Back 2

1. provide energy for daily activities
2. provide building and maintence of body issues
3. regulate body processes

Front 3

The nutrients necessary to theobdy are classifed as what?

Back 3

1. macronutreitns
2. micronutrients
3. water

Front 4

What are the macronutrients that are required in large amounts?

Back 4

Carbs
Fats
Proteins

Front 5

Consider main source of energy andis found mostly in plants and in milk?

Back 5

Carbs

Front 6

how much carbs are stored as glycogen in the livere and muslce tissues, present in circuatling blood?

Back 6

365 g or 13hrs of moderate activity

Front 7

Carbs serves a major function in vital organs such as?

Back 7

Liver-
heart-glycogen stored in cardiac muslces
CNS-only energy source in brain

Front 8

What is the recommed carbohydrate content that a individual should consume?

Back 8

at leats 50% of total cal
no less thatn 100g per day

Front 9

1 gram of carbos supplies how many calories?

Back 9

4

Front 10

Proteins derived from where and is essential to life?

Back 10

animal and plant products,

Front 11

How many different amoino aicds combine in different ways to form proteins?

Back 11

20

Front 12

How many amino aicd are condsidered essential because the body can't manufacture them, andis essential to normal growth and development?

Back 12

8

Front 13

Major functions of proteins include the following?

Back 13

-Building maintaing tissues
regulatioing internal water and acid-base balance
Acting as a precursor for enzymes, antibodies, serval hormones

Front 14

It is recommended that protein content of the diet be 14% to 20% of total caloreis or how many grams daily for adults?

Back 14

45g

Front 15

1 gram of protein supplies how many calories to the body?

Back 15

4cal

Front 16

Where can fat be found?

Back 16

animal and some plants (seeds)

Front 17

What is the fatty acid essential for normal growth and development?

Back 17

Linoleic acid

Front 18

Major function of Fat?

Back 18

synthesis and regulation of tissue structure
Maintenace of tissue structure
Memory storage
energy metabloism
Nerve impulse

Front 19

Recommende fat content in daily use?

Back 19

25-35% or at 20-35 g/day

Front 20

1 gram of fat supplies how many cal ?

Back 20

9

Front 21

What makes up the micronutrients?

Back 21

Vitamins, minerals(elements) and electrolytes

Front 22

Virtamins and mineral must be taken by food or supplements except what others?

Back 22

vit K and biotin
Vit D
Niacin

Front 23

what produces the vit K and biotin inthe body?

Back 23

Intestinal microorganisms

Front 24

What synthezies Vit D in the body?

Back 24

cholestrol

Front 25

Niacin is synthesized by what ?

Back 25

Tryptophan

Front 26

The body of an adult is about what percent of water?

Back 26

55-65%

Front 27

Major functions of water?

Back 27

Providing turgor for ograns
ALtering dissolved nutrients and wastes thorughout the body
Transport dissolved nutreints and wastes thorughout the body
Maintaining a stable body temp

Front 28

Coninual loss of water from what areas of the body?

Back 28

kidnes (urine)
Lungs (expired air)
skin (perspiration)

Front 29

What contribures to the largest proportionof total energy expenditure by the body?

Back 29

REsting energy expenditure (REE)

Front 30

REE represents the energy expendes by a person at rest under what conditions?

Back 30

stabel temp

Front 31

Is defined as the REE measured soon after awkening in the moring(12hrs after the last meal)?

Back 31

BMR

Front 32

Second largest proprtion of total energy expenditure by the body?

Back 32

Physical activity

Front 33

Energy expeded by given activity can vary greatly among indiviudla and is MOST AFFECTED by what?

Back 33

body weight
muslce mass

Front 34

After eating metabolic rate increase, do to what?

Back 34

size and compostion of the meal

Front 35

Metaoblic rate accounts for about what percent of total energy expended during a day?

Back 35

7%

Front 36

What would be documented in HPI?

Back 36

Weight loss/gain
Increased Metaloic requirments

Front 37

What are some things would be docutment for Family History?

Back 37

Obesity
Constitutiaonally short or tall
Genetic or mebatolic disorder: diabetes
Eating disorder, anorexia bulima
alcohlism

Front 38

Risk factors possible meds effects on nutritional intake and status?

Back 38

Altered food intake resulting altered tast/smell
Modified nutrient absoroption resulting from altered gastrointestional pH, increased/decreased bile acid, inhibited enzymes
Moified nutrient metabolism
modified nutrient excretion resulting from urinary loss
fecal loss

Front 39

Is formula used to assess nutritional status and total body fat?

Back 39

BMI

Front 40

Adutl men and women a BMI should be in what range?

Back 40

18.5-24.9

Front 41

What is the quick method to determine femailes weight?

Back 41

100lbs for 1st 5ft; then 5lbs fore each inch over

Front 42

What is the quick method to determine males wt?

Back 42

106 lb 1st 5 feet; plus 6 lbs for each inch over

Front 43

If patients has truck without legs, what percent would be subtracted from bodyweight?

Back 43

42.7

Front 44

What is subratct to Desirable body weight of a paraplegia?

Back 44

5-10%

Front 45

Subtract from Quadriplegia?

Back 45

10-15%

Front 46

Larger waist circumference >35 womand and >40 men is often associated with increased risk of what condtions?

Back 46

Type II diabetes
Dyslipidemia
HTN
CVDw

Front 47

What can aid in predicting relative disease risk in terms of Cardiovascular risk factors and obesity-related diseaes?

Back 47

Monitoring changes in person waist circumference over time, with or without changes in BMI

Front 48

Quickest and most simple method for obtaining a food intake history?

Back 48

24-hours recall

Front 49

What are the five nutrients that may be deficient in a vegetarian diet if it is not carefully planned?

Back 49

protein
calcium
iron
Vit B12(vegan)
Vit D

Front 50

IF is imporatant to note that overweight indivduals underreport their energy intake by how much?

Back 50

30-55%

Front 51

Older than 2yrs of age, diet should have what percent of the daily calories consumed by fat?

Back 51

25-35

Front 52

What is the precent of Sat fat; polyunsat fat, moSnsat fat?

Back 52

7% sat
<10% polysat
rest monosat

Front 53

For adults what is the reommended average protein intake to meets standards?

Back 53

0.8 g per kg

Front 54

Several that may be conceren if food intake is restricted include?

Back 54

vit A, C, E
Ca
Iron
Folate

Front 55

How much fiber should a adult obtain per day?

Back 55

25-30g

Front 56

What is exogenous obesity?

Back 56

increase in number of fat cells (hyperplasia) as mucs as 3-5 times normal

Front 57

Exogenous obesity is mainily found in whom?

Back 57

children and woman

Front 58

Excess fat tissue is generally located in what area?

Back 58

breasts
butt
thighs

Front 59

Exogenous is assocated with what condition/

Back 59

higherirsk of breast cancer

Front 60

The fat cells are greatly enlarged(hypertrophied)

Back 60

Endogenous obseity

Front 61

Endogenous obseity has a higher risk of what condtions?

Back 61

diabetes
heart diease
high blood pressure
strok

Front 62

This is a psycologic disorder which patients has a preceptual distoration of body shape, with relentless for thinnes thorugh self-iimposed starvation, bizarre food habits?

Back 62

Anorexia nervosa

Front 63

how is Anorexia nervosa characterizied?

Back 63

loss of 85% or less of expected weight or failure to attain expected weight

Front 64

Common signs and symptoms include those of starvation/

Back 64

dry skin, languo hair, brittle nails, amenorrhea, intolerance to cold, caroten (orange)pigmentaitno, food preoccupation, depression or irritablity, decreased libido and interrupted sleep

Front 65

Anemia of anorexia is not common because what?

Back 65

serum iron and folate levels are usually expected leves

Front 66

What is bulimia?

Back 66

characterized by binge eating (rapid intake of large amount of food, usually consisting high-calorie sweets and high-carb foods

Front 67

What is it called if binge eating is followed by self-induced vomiting?

Back 67

Bulimarexia

Front 68

Bulimic individuals do not usually become malnourished unless their body weight continuse to drop to less than what percent of their expected body weight?

Back 68

85%

Front 69

Symptoms of sever anemias?

Back 69

skin pallor
weakness
easy fatigablity, HA, dizziness, senstivity to cold
Paresthesia
cheilosis, glossitits, loss of appetite, concave fingernails with LOngitudinal ridgeing

Front 70

What is the Hb range for male and female?

Back 70

men 12-14
female 12-14

Front 71

Ranges for male and female HCT%?

Back 71

men 40-54
female 37-47

Front 72

Acceptable range for total cholesterol and LDL Chol?

Back 72

<170mg/100ml T.C
<110mg/100ml LDL

Front 73

Borderline for Total cholesterol and LDL?

Back 73

170-190
110-129 (LDL)

Front 74

High risk if your Total cholesterol and LDL is above these ranges?

Back 74

>/= 200
>/= 130 LDL

Front 75

What are some risk factors for Moderate high risk if LDL-C?

Back 75

cigarette smoking
HTN (BP >140/90 or anithypertensive meds)
LOW HDL cholesterol (<40mg/dl)

Front 76

Metabolic significance of Vit A (retinol)?

Back 76

Bile needed for absorption
mineral il prevents absoroption
stored in liver

Front 77

Deficiency or excess Vitaman A and food soruces?

Back 77

Night blindiness
Keratomalacia
Lowered resistance to infection
Severe drying and scaling of skin;blindnes
(Liver and Kidne)

Front 78

Metabolizies bone and tooth structre , vision in dim light.
Overdoses are toxic, skin, hair and bone changes...with Petechiae

Back 78

Provit A (carotens)

Front 79

Stored in the liver, where it is syntheizies calcidiol, kidney converts to calcidiol to calcitriol.FUNCTIONs as hormone in absoroption of calcium and phosphorus?

Back 79

Vit D

Front 80

If you have Vit D deficiency or Excesm, what condition could arise?

Back 80

Ricketts (soft bones, enlargd joints, enlarged skull, deformed chest, spinal curvature, bowed legs)
Osteomalacia
Renal osteodystrophy

Front 81

What are some sources of Vit D?

Back 81

fortified mild
concertrates calciferol
fish liver oils
Exposure to UVA of sun

Front 82

What is Tocopherols?

Back 82

Vitamin E

Front 83

What are the function of Vit E?

Back 83

prevents oxidation of Vit A in intestine
protects cell membranes against oxidiation
Protects RBC
Limited stores in body
Polyunsaturated fats increase

Front 84

Forms prothrombin for normal blood clotting, and synthezided in intestines?

Back 84

Vit K

Front 85

Deficiency or Excess of Vit K?

Back 85

Prolonged clotting time
Hemorrhage,
biliary tract disease
Large amounts are toxic

Front 86

What are some functions for Vit C (ascorbic acid)?

Back 86

Forms collagen
keeps teeth firm in gums
Hormone synthesis
Resistance to infection
Improves iorn absorotion

Front 87

Deficiency of Vit C (ascorbic acid)

Back 87

Poor wound healing
Poor bone, tooth development
Scurvy
Bruising and hemorrhage
Bleeding gums
loose teeth

Front 88

What is Thiamin?

Back 88

Vit B1

Front 89

Funtions of Vit B1

Back 89

coenzyme for breakdown of glucose
healthy nerves
angular somatits

Front 90

Deficiency of Thiamin (B1)

Back 90

Beriberi
Fatigue
depression
neuropathy
edema
heart failure

Front 91

Vit B2 is what?

Back 91

Riboflavin

Front 92

Function of Riboflavin (B2)?

Back 92

Coezymes protein and glucose metabolism
Fatty acide synthesis
Health skin
Normal vision in bright light

Front 93

Deficiency of Vit B2?

Back 93

Cheilosis
scaling skin
burning itching sensitive eyes

Front 94

Fucntions of Niacin (nicotinic acid)?

Back 94

Coezymes for energy metabolism
Normal digestion
Tryptopha a precurso: 60mg=1mg niacin

Front 95

Deficency f Niacin?

Back 95

pellagra
Dermitits
angular stomatitis
diahrrea
depreassion
disorientation
delirium

Front 96

What is Vit B6?

Back 96

Pyridoxine, pyridoxal

Front 97

Functions for Vit B6?

Back 97

Coenzymes for protien met.
conversion ot tryptophan to niacin
formation of heme

Front 98

Deficiency of Vit b6?

Back 98

Cheilosis
GI upset
Weak gait
Neuropathy
convulsions

Front 99

Functions of Vit B12?

Back 99

formation of mature RBC
Synthesis of DNA RNA
Requires intrinisiic factor from stomach for absorption

Front 100

Deficiency of Vit B12?

Back 100

Pernicious anemai
lack intrinsic factor; or after gastrectomy
Macrocytic anemia

Front 101

Functions f Folate (folic acid)

Back 101

Matruation of RBC
Synthesis of DNA RNA

Front 102

Deficiency of Folate?

Back 102

macrocytic anemia in pregancey, spure and pallor

Front 103

Functions of Biotin?

Back 103

Components of coenzymes in energy metablism
someh synthesis in intestion
Avidin a protein in raw eggs white, interferes with absoroption

Front 104

Deficiency of Biotin?

Back 104

occurs only when large amounts of raw eggs whites are eaten
Dermatitis loss of hair

Front 105

Functions of Pantothenic acid?

Back 105

component of Coezyme A
synthesis of sterols, fatty acids, heme

Front 106

Deficiency of Pantothenic acid?

Back 106

occurs rarely
Neuritis of arms legs, buring sensation of feet

Front 107

99% in bones, teeth Nervous stimulation and muscle contration, blood clotting?

Back 107

Calcium

Front 108

What regulates blood leves of Ca?

Back 108

Parathyoriod

Front 109

Calcium is aided by what two things?

Back 109

Vit d and lactose

Front 110

Deficiency of Ca?

Back 110

fragile bones and osteoporosis

Front 111

Function of Phosphorus?

Back 111

80-90% in bones and teeth
Acid-base
Transports fats
Enzymes for energy metabolism; protein syn.

Front 112

Found to be 60% in bones, and transmits nerve impulses, aided in muslce contration and Enzymes for energy metabolism?

Back 112

Magnesium

Front 113

What are some deficiences of Mg?

Back 113

Dietary deficiency unlikely ;
occurs in alcoholism renal failure

Front 114

Functions of Sodium?

Back 114

helps in extracelluar fluid water balacne
Acid-base
nervou stimulation
muscle contrations

Front 115

Deficiency of Sodium?

Back 115

rare, occurs, with excessive perspiration

Front 116

Utiliaztion of Sodium?

Back 116

almost completely absorbed
Body leves regualated by adrenal; excess excreted in urine and by skin

Front 117

Occurs with starvation, diuretic therapy?

Back 117

K+

Front 118

What are some functions of K+?

Back 118

Intracellular fluid
Protein and glcyogen syntheisi
Water balance

Front 119

Function of this element aids in hemoglobin, muslce myogloin and oxidizing enzymes for relese of energy?

Back 119

Iron

Front 120

Utilization of Iron?

Back 120

5-20% absorped, Acid and Vit C aid absorption
Daily losses in urine and feces
Menstrual loss

Front 121

Deficiency of Iron would result in what problems?

Back 121

Anemia
Cheilosis
pallor

Front 122

Forms thyroxine for energy metabolism. Chiefly in the thyroid gland?

Back 122

Iodine

Front 123

Deficiency of Iodine?

Back 123

endemic goiter

Front 124

Storage in bones and teeth; prvents tooth decay?

Back 124

Fluroide

Front 125

Deficiency of fluoride?

Back 125

Excess leads to tooth mottling

Front 126

Utilization of iron for hemoglobin formation and aids in pigment formation?

Back 126

Copper

Front 127

Deficiency of Copper?

Back 127

Rare

Front 128

What are some functions of Zinc?

Back 128

Enzymes for transfer of CO2 and taste, protein synthesis

Front 129

Deficiecny of Zince?

Back 129

growth retardation; altered taste

Front 130

Adult ranges for Hemoglobin /iron?

Back 130

>14 M
>15 F

Front 131

Hematocrit(%) levels for males and females?

Back 131

Male (>40%)
Female (>=37)

Front 132

Protein Serum Albumin levels should be what for males and females?

Back 132

males 3.4-5.4g/100ml
females 3.4-3.5g/

Front 133

Normal lipid metaoblism seroum levels should be what for adults?

Back 133

<200mg/100ml

Front 134

Serum triglycerides levels for adults?

Back 134

<150

Front 135

HDL

Back 135

>40

Front 136

LDL for adults ?

Back 136

<130mg/100ml

Front 137

Serum glucose levels?

Back 137

75-110mg/100ml

Front 138

Desirable body weight adjustment for patient who is missing Truck without limbs?

Back 138

42.7%

Front 139

Entire upper ext?

Back 139

6.6%

Front 140

Adjustment for
hand, forearm, upper arm?

Back 140

.8...2.3...3.5

Front 141

Entire lower extermity?

Back 141

18.7%

Front 142

Patient missing foot lower leg, and thigh?

Back 142

foot (1.8)
lower leg(5.3)
thigh (11.6)

Front 143

To make adjusments for paraplegia you subtract?

Back 143

5-10% from DBW

Front 144

To make adustments for quadripliega?

Back 144

10-15%