Chap 6 Energy Of Life Bio 103 Rvc

Front 1

Photosynthesis

Back 1

transforms solar energy into chemical energy of a carbohydrate

Front 2

The green portions of plants

Back 2

especially leaves carry on photosynthesis

Front 3

CO2 enters the many spaces in the mesophyll tissue

Back 3

through small openings called the stomata

Front 4

CO2 and H2O diffuse into mesophyll cells

Back 4

and then into choroplasts the organelles that carry on Photosynthesis

Front 5

In choroplast a double membrane surrounds a fluid-filled area called

Back 5

the stroma

Front 6

A third membrane system within the stroma forms flattened sacs called

Back 6

thylakoids which in some places are stacked to form grana

Front 7

Chlorophyll and other pigments reside within the membranes of the thylakiods. these pigments aborb solar energy and this energy drives

Back 7

photosynthesis a thykoid membrane contains complexes that convert solar energy to chemical energy---a carbohydrate

Front 8

CH2O contains more energy than CO2 and H2O why?

Back 8

electrons were removed from H20 and energzied by solar power

Front 9

When a molecule gains Hydrogen atoms

Back 9

reduction occurs and the molecule is said to be reduced

Front 10

When a molecule is said to be oxidized it loses electrons

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therefore oxygen is oxidized as it is released from H2O this is called a redox reaction

Front 11

Two sets of reactions take place in photosynthesis

Back 11

light reactions and the Calvin cycle reactions

Front 12

Light reactions

Back 12

chlorophyll within the thylakiod membranes absorb solar energy and energies electrons
water is oxidized releasing electrons, hydrogen ions H+ and oxegen

Front 13

Light reactions

Back 13

ATP is produced from ADP + P with the help of electron transport chain
NADP+ an enzyme helper accepts electrons (is reduced) and become NADPH

Front 14

Calvin cycle

Back 14

CO2 is taken up by one of the molecules in the cycle
ATP and NADPH from light reactions reduce CO2 to a carbohydrate G3P

Front 15

The pigments found in most types of photosynthesizing cells are

Back 15

Chlorophylls and Carotenoids which are capable of absorbing portions of visible light

Front 16

2 Photosystems called I and II

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Both photosyems receive photons gathering solar energy
PS II splits water releasing oxygen and 2 H ions

Front 17

2 Photosystems called I and II

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the electron transport chain establishes an energy gradient releasing energy stored in the H+ ions and forming ATP

Front 18

2 Photosystems called I and II

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PS I produces NADPH

Front 19

The Thylakoid space stores H+ ions

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energy is used to pump H+ to the ATP synthase and ADP+P is turned into ATP

Front 20

coenzzmes NADP+ accepts electrons

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and becomes NADPH

Front 21

The ATP and NADPH generated by the light reactions

Back 21

power the Calvin Cycle

Front 22

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) fixation is the first step of the Calvin Cycle

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CO2 is attached to RuBP carboxlase (Rubisco) and the result is a 6cabon that splits into two 3 carbon molecules

Front 23

Reduction of CO2 is the sequence reaction that uses NADPH and some of the ATP from the light reactions

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electrons are added and CO2 is reduce3d to a carbohydrate as R-CO2 becomes R-CH2O NADPH and ATP supply the enrgy

Front 24

G3P is the product of one revolution of the Calvin cycle it take three cyles to allow

Back 24

one G3p to exit for making glucose and other carboyhydrates

Front 25

G3P

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have enormous biochemical capabilities they can make all the molecules a plant needs

Front 26

Mesophyll cells

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are in C3 plants and these cells are arranged in long narrow rows they combine with CO2 and create C3 immediately

Front 27

C4 Plants

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carry out C4 photosynthesis