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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tight junctions
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Close space between cells
Located among cells that form linings |
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Desmosomes
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Form “spot welds” between cells
Located among outer skin cells |
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Gap junctions
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Tubular channels between cells
Located in cardiac muscle cells |
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Epithelial Tissue function
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protection secretion absorption excretion
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Epithelial Tissue location
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cover body surfaces, cover and line internal organs, compose glands
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Epithelial Tissue characteristics
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lack blood vessels, calls readily divide, cells are tightly packed
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Simple squamous
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Single layer of flat cells
Substances pass easily through Line air sacs Line blood vessels Line lymphatic vessels |
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Simple cuboidal
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Single layer of cube-shaped cells
Line kidney tubules Cover ovaries Line ducts of some glands |
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Simple columnar:
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Single layer of elongated cells
Nuclei usually near the basement Membrane at same level Sometimes possess cilia Sometimes possess microvilli Often have goblet cells Line uterus, stomach, intestines |
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Pseudostratified columnar
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Single layer of elongated cells
Nuclei at two or more levels Appear striated Often have cilia Often have goblet cells Line respiratory passageways |
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Stratified squamous
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Many cell layers
Top cells are flat Can accumulate keratin Outer layer of skin Line oral cavity, vagina, and anal canal |
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Stratified cuboidal
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2-3 layers
Cube-shaped cells Line ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and the pancreas |
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Stratified columnar
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Top layer of elongated cells
Cube-shaped cells in deeper layers Line part of male urethra and part of pharynx |
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Transitional
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Many cell layers
Cube-shaped and elongated cells Line urinary bladder, ureters, and part of urethra |
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Glandular Epithelium
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Composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances
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Endocrine glands
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are ductless (key word: hormone
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Exocrine glands
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have ducts
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Unicellular exocrine gland:
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Composed of one cell
Goblet cell |
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Multicellular exocrine gland
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Composed of many cells
Sweat glands, salivary glands, etc. Simple and compound |
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simple gland
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communicates with the surface by means of a duct that
does not branch before it reaches the glandular cells or secretory portion, |
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compound gland
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a duct that branches compound gland repeatedly before reaching the
secretory portion. |
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Merocrine Glands
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Fluid product
Salivary glands Pancreas gland (?) Sweat glands |
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Apocrine Glands
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Cellular product
Portions of cells Mammary glands Ceruminous glands |
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Holocrine Glands
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Secretory products
Whole cells Sebaceous glands |
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Connective Tissues
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Most abundant tissue type
Many functions Have a matrix Have varying degrees of vascularity Have cells that usually divide |
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Fibroblasts
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Fixed cell
Most common cell Large, star-shaped Produce fibers |
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Macrophages
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Wandering cell
Phagocytic Important in injury or infection |
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Mast cells
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Fixed cell
Release heparin(prevents blood clotting) Release histamine(substance which promotes some reactions associated with allergies) |
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Collagenous fibers
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Thick
Composed of collagen Great tensile strength Abundant in dense CT Hold structures together Tendons, ligaments |
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Elastic fibers
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Bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin
Fibers branch Elastic Vocal cords, air passage |
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Reticular fibers
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Very thin collagenous fibers
Highly branched Form supportive networks |
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Loose Connective Tissue
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Mainly fibroblasts
Fluid to gel-like matrix Collagenous fibers Elastic fibers Bind skin to structures Beneath most epithelia Blood vessels nourish nearby epithelial cells Between muscles |
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Adipose Tissue(fat)
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Adipocytes
Cushions Insulates Store fats Beneath skin Behind eyeballs Around kidneys and heart |
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Reticular Connective Tissue
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Composed of reticular fibers
Supports internal organ walls Walls of liver, spleen, lymphatic organs |
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Dense Connective Tissue
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Packed collagenous fibers
Elastic fibers Few fibroblasts Bind body parts together Tendons, ligaments, dermis Poor blood supply |
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Elastic Connective Tissue
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Abundant in elastic fibers
Some collagenous fibers Fibroblasts Attachments between bones Walls of large arteries, airways, heart |
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Bone (Osseous Tissue)
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Solid matrix
Supports Protects Forms blood cells Attachment for muscles Skeleton Osteocytes in lacunae |
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Cartilage
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Rigid matrix
Chondrocytes in lacunae Poor blood supply Three (3) types: Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage |
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Hyaline cartilage
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Most abundant
Ends of bones Nose, respiratory passages Embryonic skeleton |
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Elastic cartilage
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Flexible
External ear, larynx |
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Fibrocartilage
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Very tough
Shock absorber Intervertebral discs Pads of knee and pelvic girdle |
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Blood
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Fluid matrix called plasma
Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Transports Defends Involved in clotting Throughout body in blood vessels Heart |
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Serous Membranes
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Line body cavities that do not open to the outside
Reduce friction Inner lining of thorax and abdomen Cover organs of thorax and abdomen Secrete serous fluid |
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. Mucous Membranes
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Line tubes and organs that open to outside world
Lining of mouth, nose, throat, etc. Secrete mucus |
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Cutaneous Membranes
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Covers body
Skin |
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. Synovial Membranes
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Composed entirely of connective tissue
Lines joints |
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Skeletal muscle
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Attached to bones
Striated Voluntary |
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Smooth muscle
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Walls of organs
Skin Walls of blood vessels Involuntary Non-striated |
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Cardiac muscle
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Heart wall
Involuntary Striated Intercalated discs |
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Nervous Tissue
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Found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Functional cells are neurons Neuroglial cells support and bind nervous tissue component Sensory reception,Conduction of nerve impulses |
