Chap 5 - Histology

Front 1

Four broad categories of tissues

Back 1

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Nervous tissue
Muscular tissue

Front 2

Sectioning tissues

Back 2

reduces three-dimensional structure to two-dimensional slice

Front 3

Basement membrane

Back 3

Layer between an epithelium and the underlying connective tissue

Front 4

Basal surface

Back 4

surface of the epithelial cell that faces the basement membrane

Front 5

Apical surface

Back 5

surface of an epithelial cell that faces away from the basement membrane

Front 6

Simple epithelium

Back 6

- contains one layer of cells
-all cell touch the basement membrane

Front 7

Stratified epithelium

Back 7

- contains more than one layer of cells
-cells rest on top of others and do not touch basement membrane

Front 8

Goblet cells

Back 8

wineglass-shaped mucus secreting cells.
- ONLY in simple columnar and
pseudostratified epithelia

Front 9

Surface layer of the skin (tissue)

Back 9

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 10

Fibroblast cells

Back 10

Produce fibers and ground substance

Front 11

Macrophages cells

Back 11

Phagocytose foreign material and activate immune system when sense foreign matter

Front 12

Leukocytes cells or white blood cells
(2 type)

Back 12

Neutrophils - wander in search of and attaching bacteria
Lymphocytes - react against bacteria, toxins and other foreign material

Front 13

Plasma cells

Back 13

Synthesize fighting antibodies

Front 14

Mast cells

Back 14

found along side of blood vessels
- secrete heparin, inhibits clothing
-histamine that dilate blood vessels

Front 15

Adipocytes cells / fat tissue

Back 15

Store triglycerides (fat molecules)

Front 16

Collagenous/ collagen fibers

Back 16

Thicker and most abundant of body's proteins
- tough, flexible and resist stretching
- found in tendons, ligaments and deeper layer of the skin

Front 17

Reticular fibers

Back 17

Thin collagen fiber coated with glycoprotein
- found in spleen and lymph notes

Front 18

Elastic fibers

Back 18

Thinner than collagenous fibers
- allows stretch and recoil

Front 19

Chondroitin sulfate

Back 19

responsible for stiffness of cartilage

Front 20

Hyaluronic acid

Back 20

Viscous, slippery substance that forms an effective lubricant in joins and constitutes much of the vitreous body of the eyeball

Front 21

Tendons

Back 21

Attach muscles to bones

Front 22

Ligaments

Back 22

Attach bones to bones

Front 23

Cartilage

Back 23

Connective tissue with flexible, rubbery matrix
-gives shape to ears, tip of nose and larynx

Front 24

3 types of cartilage fibers

Back 24

Hyaline cartilage
fibrocartilage
elastic cartilage

Front 25

Hyaline cartilage

Back 25

Clear, glassy microscopic appearance because of unusual fineness of the collagen fibers.
-usually covered by perichondrium
-eases join movement

Front 26

Elastic cartilage

Back 26

cartilage containing elastic fibers, provides flexible elastic support
- Always covered with perichondrium
- externals ear and ediglottis

Front 27

Fibrocartilage

Back 27

cartilage contains large, coarse bundle of collagen fibers
-never covered by perichodrium
- resists compression and absorbs shock
- intervetebral discs

Front 28

Bone tissue

Back 28

Osseous tissue, makes up most of the mass of bone

Front 29

Spongy bones

Back 29

spongy appearance, found in heads of long bones and in middle of flat bones

Front 30

compact bones

Back 30

Denser calcified tissue with no visible spaces

Front 31

Central (haversian or osteonic) canals

Back 31

canals that run longitudinally through shafts of long bones.
- contain blood vessels and neves

Front 32

concentric lamella

Back 32

onion like layers around each central canal

Front 33

Osteon

Back 33

Central canal and its surrounding lamellae

Front 34

Osteocytes

Back 34

Mature bone cells that occupy the lacunae

Front 35

Canaliculi

Back 35

Delicate canals that radiate from each lacuna to its neighbors, and allows osteocytes to contact each other.

Front 36

Periosteum

Back 36

Tough fibrous connective tissue covering of the bone as a whole.

Front 37

Blood

Back 37

- Fluid connective tissue
- transports cells and dissolved matter from place to place

Front 38

Blood formed elements

Back 38

Erythrocytes - Red blood cells, transport O2 and CO2
Leukocytes - White blood cells, defend against infections and other disease
Platelets - cell fragments involved in clotting