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170 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bones provide:
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shape, support, protection, and the framework of the body.
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Bones serve as:
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a storage place for mineral salts, calcium, and phosphorus.
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Bones play an important role in the formation of?
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blood cells
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Bones provide areas for the attachment of?
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skeletal muscles
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Bones help make _____ possible.
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movement
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Cartilages form:
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the major portion of the embryonic skeleton and part of the skeleton in adults.
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Ligaments connect:
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the articular ends of bones, binding them together and facilitating or limiting motion
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Ligaments connect _____ and other structures?
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cartilage
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Ligaments serve to:
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support or attach fascia or muscles.
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The skeleton can be divided into two main groups of bones:
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the axial (80 bones) and the appendicular skeleton (126 bones).
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What are the principle bones of the axial skeleton?
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skull, spine, ribs, and sternum
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What are the primary bones of the appendicular skeleton?
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shoulder girdle, arms,and hands and the pelvic girdle, legs and feet.
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Bones are composed of:
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50% water and 50% solid matter.
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What is the largest bone in the human body?
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femur (which is located in the thigh)
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What are the smallest bones in the human body?
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ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes) which are located in the middle ear.
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ab
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away from
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endo
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within
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epi
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upon, above
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meta
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beyond
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peri
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around
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poly
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many, much
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sym, syn
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together, with
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acr, acr/o
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extremity, point
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arthr, arthr/o
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joint
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burs
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a pouch
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chondr, chondr/o
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cartilage
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cran/i, carni/o
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skull
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dors/i
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backward
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duct
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to lead
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flex
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to bend
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kyph
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hump
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lord
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bending
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myel
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bone marrow
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orth/o
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straight
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oste/o
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bone
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path
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disease
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ped, ped/i
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foot, child
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por
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passage
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scol/i
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curvature
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-al, -ic
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pertaining to
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-algia
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pain
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-blast
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immature cell, germ cell
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-cele
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hernia, tumor, swelling
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-centesis
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surgical puncture
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-cytes
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cells
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-ectomy
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surgical excision
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-ist
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one who specializes
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-itis
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inflammation
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-logy
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study of
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-malacia
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softening
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-omion
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shoulder
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-osis
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condition of
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-pathy
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disease
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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-tomy
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incision
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orthopedics
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is the medical/surgical specialty that deals with prevention and/or correction of disorders that involve locomotor structures of the body, especially the skeleton, joints, muscles, fascia, ligaments, tendons, and cartilgate.
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A bone forming cell is called?
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osteoblast
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orthopedist
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is a physcian who specializes in orthopedics.
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ostearthritis
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is inflammation of the bone and joint.
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osteocarcinoma
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is cancerous tumor of a bone.
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osteomyelitis
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inflammation of the bone marrow
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osteomalacia
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softening of the bone(s)
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osteotome (OSS tee oh tohm)
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instrument used for cutting bone
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osteochondritis
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inflammation of the bone and cartilage
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osteosarcoma
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a malignant tumor of the bone arising from connective tissue
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What bones are considered part of the "shoulder girdle"?
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clavicle-collar bone; scapula-shoulder blade
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What bones are considered part of the "pelvic girdle"?
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ilium, sacrum, coccyx
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What bones are in the arm?
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humerus, radius, ulna
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What bones are in the leg?
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femur, patella, fibula, tibia
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What bones are in the hand?
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carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
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What bones are in the feet?
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tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
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diaphysis (dye AFF ih sis)
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is the shaft of a long bone
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epiphyses (eh PIFF ih seez)
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are the ends of a developing bone
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periosteum (pair ee AH stee um)
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is the membrane that forms the covering of bones
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sinus
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is an air cavity within bones
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foramen (for AY men)
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is an opening in the bone for blood vessels, ligaments, and nerves
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meatus (me AY tus)
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is a tubelike passage or canal
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trochanter (troh KAN ter)
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is a very large process of the femur. A process is a projection or ourgrowth of bone or tissue.
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tubercle (TOO ber kl)
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is a small, rounded process
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tuberosity (too ber OSS ih tee)
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is a large, rounded process
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condyle (KON dile)
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is a rounded process that enters into the formation of a joint, articulation
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crest (KREST)
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is a ridge on a bone
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spine (SPYN)
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is a pointed, sharp, slender process
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chondrocytes (KON droh sights)
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are what cartilage cells are known as
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chondral (KON dral)
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pertaining to cartilage
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chondralgia (kon DRAL jee ah)
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pain in or around cartilage
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chondrectomy (kon DREK toh mee)
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surgical excision of a cartilage
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chondromalacia (kon droh mah LAY she ah)
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softening of cartilage
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chondropathology (kon drah pah THALL oh jee)
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is the study of diseases of cartilage
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compact bone
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is the dense, hard layer of bone tissue
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endosteum
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a tough, connective tissue membrane lining in the medullary canal and containing the bone marrow
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medullary canal
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is a narrow space or cavity throughout the length of the diaphysis (shaft of a long bone)
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cancellous
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is also called spongy bone, this is the reticular tissue making up most of the volume of bone
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arthrititis (ar THRY tis)
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inflammation of a joint
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arthopathy (ar THROP ah thee)
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joint disease
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arthralgia (ar THRAL jee ah)
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pain in a joint
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arthrectomy (ar THREK toh mee)
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surgical excision of a joint
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arthrocentesis (ar throh sen TEE sis)
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surgical puncture of a joint
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arthrodesis (ar throh DEE sis)
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surgical binding of a joint
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arthoplasty (AR throh plas tee)
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surgical repair of a joint
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arthoscope (AR throh skope)
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is an instrument used to examine the interior of the knee
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a joint is an articulation. It is a place where _________
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two or more bones connect. The manner in which bones connect determines the type of movement allowed at the joint.
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joints are classified as:
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synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and Diarthrosis
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synarthrosis
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does not permit movement
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amphiarthrosis
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permits very slight movement
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diarthrosis
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allows free movement in a variety of directions ... examples: knee, hip elbow, wrist and foot
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flexion
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is the process of bending a limb
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abduction (ab DUCK shun)
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is the process of moving a body part away from the middle
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dorsiflexion (dor see FLEK shun)
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is the process of bending a body part backward
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adduction (ad DUCK shun)
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is the process of moving a body part toward the middle
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circumduction (sir kum DUCK shun)
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is the process of moving a body part in a circular motion
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eversion (ee VER shun)
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is the process of turning outward
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inversion (in VER shun)
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is the process of turning inward
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extension (eks TEN shun)
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is the process of straightening a flexed limb
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pronation (proh NAY shun)
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is the process of lying prone for face downward; also the process of turning the palm face downward
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supination (soo pin NAY shun)
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is the process of lying supine or face upward; also the process of turning the palm face upward
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protraction (proh TRAK shun)
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is the process of moving a body part forward
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retraction (ree TRAK shun)
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is the process of moving a body part backward
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rotation (ro TAY shun)
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is the process of moving a body part aroun a central axis
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bursa
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is a small space between muscles, tendons, and bones that is lined with synovial membrane and contains a fluid, synovia.
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bursitis
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is inflammation of the bursa
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burs
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a pouch
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lordosis (lor DOH sis)
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abnormal anterior curvature of the spine (swayback). The abdomen and buttocks protrude.
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scoliosis (skoh lee OH sis)
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characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine and usually appears in adolescence during periods of rapid growth.
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kyphosis (kye FOH sis)
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the normal thoracic curvature becomes exaggerated - producing a "humpback" appearance
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How are fractures classified?
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according to their external appearance, the site of the fracture, and the nature of the crack or break in the bone
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pott's (POTS)
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is a fracture and is one that occurs at the lower end of the fibula and medial malleolus of the tibia with dislocation of foot outward and backward.
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How are fractures described?
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closed, or simple, open, or compound
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closed (KLOZD)
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or simple fractures, are completely internal; they do not involve a break in the skin.
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compound (KOM pownd)
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or open fractures, project through the skin, they are most dangerous because of the possibility of infection or uncontrolled bleeding
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comminuted (kom ih NYOOT ed)
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fractures shatter the affected area into a multitude of bony fragments
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greenstick (GREEN stik)
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fracture, only one side of the shaft is broken, and the other is bent; this usually occurs in children whose long bones have yet to fully ossify.
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colles' (KOL eez)
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fracture, is a break in the distal portion of the radius; it is often the result of reaching out to cushion a fall
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acroarthritis (ak roh ar THRY tis)
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inflammation of the joints of the hands or feet
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acromion (ah KROH mee on)
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is the projection of the spine of the scapula that forms the point at the shoulder and articulates with the clavicle.
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vertebrae (VER teh bray)
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are classified as irregular bones...separate bones
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cervical (SER vih kal) curve:
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is the first seven vertebrae
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thoracic (tho RASS ik) curve:
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is the next twelve vertebrae (following the cervical vertebrae)
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lumbar (LUM bar) curve:
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is the next five vertebrae (following the cervical and thoracic)
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sacral (SAY kral) curve:
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consists of the sacrum and coccyx.
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cranioplasty (KRAY nee of plas tee)
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surgical repair of the skull
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craniocele (KRAY nee of seel)
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protrusion (herniation) of the brain from the skull
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craniectomy (kray ne EK toh mee)
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surgical excision of a portion of the skull
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craniology (kray nee ALL oh jee)
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the study of the skull
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craniotomy (kray nee OTT oh mee)
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incision into the skull
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big toe
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hallux (HAL lux)
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calcaneal (kal KAY nee al)
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pertaining to the heel bone
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dactylogram (dak TIL oh gram)
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fingerprint
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genu valgum (JEE noo VAL gum)
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knock-knee
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flatfoot
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also known as pes planus
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costal (KOSS tal)
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pertaining to a rib
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tarsals (TAHR sals)
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are the bones of the ankle
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The male pelvis is shaped like a ______ forming a narrower outlet than a female.
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funnel - It is heavier and stronger and more suited for lifting and running.
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The female pelvis is shaped like a ________.
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basin - It may be oval to round. It is broader and lighter and is constructed to accomodate the fetus during pregnancy.
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Drugs that are used for skeletal system diseases and disorders include:
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anti-inflammatory agents, antirheumatic drugs, and analgesics.
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Anti-inflammatory agents relieve:
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the swelling, tenderness, redness and pain of inflammation. These agents may be classified as steroidal (corticosteroids) and nonsteroidal (NSAIDs).
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Analgesics relieve:
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pain without causing loss of consciousness. They are classified as narcotic and nonnarcotic.
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Abbrevation: calcium
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Ca
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Abbreviation: degenerative joint disease
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DJD
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Abbreviation: fracture
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Fx
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Abbreviation: joint
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jt
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Abbreviation: long arm cast
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LAC
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Abbreviation: long leg cast
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LLC
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Abbreviation: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
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NSAIDs
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Abbreviation: osteoarthritis
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OA
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Abbreviation: rheumatiod arthritis
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RA
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Abbreviation: short arm cast
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SAC
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traction
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Tx
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What is osteoporosis?
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It it a condition in which there is a reduction in bone mass. Occurs in the aging process of male and female but proceeds faster in females.
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osteoporosis
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condition of bone passage
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