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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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neurons
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nerve cells, the basic elements of the nervous system
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dendrite
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a cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives messages from other neurons
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axon
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the part of neurons that carries messages destined for other neurons
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terminal buttons
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small bulges at the end of axons that send messages to other neurons
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impulses
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electrical messages
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myelin sheath
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a protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the axon
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all-or-none law
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the rule that neurons are either on or off
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resting state
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the state in which there is a negative electrical charge of about -70 millivolts within a neuron
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action potention
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an electric nerve impulse that travels through a neuron's axon when it is set off by a "trigger" changing the neuron's charge from negative to positive
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mirror neurons
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specialized neurons that fire not only when a person enacts a particular behavior, but also when a person simply observes another individual carrying out the same behavior.
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synapse
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the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages.
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neurotransmitter
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chemicals that carry messages across the synapse to the dendrite of a receiver neuron
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excitatory message
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a chemical message that makes it more likely that a receiving neuron will fire and an action potential will travel down its axon
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inhibitory message
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a chemical message that prevents or decreases the likelihood that a receiving neuron will fire.
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reuptake
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the reabsorption of neurotransmitters by a terminal button
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ACh (Acetycholine)
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function:
muscle movement cognitive functioning |
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glutamate
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function:
memory |
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gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
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function:
eating, aggression, sleeping |
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dopamine
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function:
movement control pleasure and reward attention |
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serotonin
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function:
sleeping eating mood pain depression |
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endorphins
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function:
pain suppression pleasurable feelings appetites placebos |
