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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Soil forming processes |
Transformation, translocation, addition, losses |
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Soil constituents are modified/destroyed and others are synthesized |
Transformation |
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Transformation include... |
Mineral weathering, OM breakdown, arrangement of soil components into structural aggregates |
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Movements of organic/inorganic materials from one horizon up/down to another |
Translocation |
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Materials moved include |
OM, clay, salts, nutrients |
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Unsaturated soil phenomenon that describes the movement of pore water from low to high elevation |
Capillary rise/capillary action |
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Capillary rise is driven by... |
Hydraulic agent |
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Process in which water passes down through the soil |
Percolation |
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Lower part phenomenon of soil water where it moves layer to layer of soil to meet groundwater zone |
Percolation |
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Upper part phenomenon of soil water which increase the soil moisture |
Infiltration |
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Considered interflow |
Infiltration |
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Considered baseflow |
Percolation |
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_____________ of materials from outside sources |
Addition |
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Examples of materials added to soil |
OM, dust from the atmosphere, soluble salts from groundwater |
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Losses of materials from soil profile |
Water due to evaporation/transpiration, nutrients by leaching, surface materials by erosion, other forms of removal |
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Level of groundwater |
Water table |
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The smaller the soil pores, the ____________ the capillary rise |
Higher |
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Water moves through the soil and removed soluble constituents |
Leaching |
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Movement of materials (usually clay and humus) out of a horizon |
Eluviation |
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Deposition of materials into a horizon |
Illuviation |
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Soil forming factors |
Climate, living organism, topography, parent material, time |
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Unconsolidated and more/less chemically weathered mineral or OM from which the solum of soils is developed by pedogenic processes |
Parent material |
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Soil developed from calcareous parent material (_______________) has high ____ content and is (acidic/alkaline) |
Limestone, Ca, alkaline |
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Soils developed from primary minerals are _____________ to weathering |
resistant |
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Parent material is classified based on __________ in their present location |
Mode of placement |
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Classification of parent material |
Residual, transported, organic |
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Classification of parent material formed in place from rock |
Residual |
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Classification of PM: accumulated plant debris |
Organic |
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Soil formed from bedrock |
Residual |
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Examples of residual PM |
Sandstone, limestone, basalt, granite |
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Origin of residual PM with clayey soil texture |
Basalt, andesite, volcanic tuff |
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Origin of residual PM with loamy and sandy soil texture |
Granite, coarse sandstone |
