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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solid, inorganic, naturally-formed substance that has a crystalline structure and specific chemical composition |
Mineral |
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Component atoms of minerals have a repeating ______ arrangement |
3d |
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Fairly definite chemical composition and physical properties |
Mineral |
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Naturally occurring substance composed of one or more minerals in varying proportions |
Rocks |
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Types of minerals |
Primary, Secondary |
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Mineral that has not been altered chemically since deposition and crystallization from molten lava |
Primary mineral |
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Mineral resulting from the decomposition of a primary mineral/from the reprecipitation of the products of decomposition of a primary mineral |
Secondary mineral |
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Classes of rocks |
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic |
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Rocks formed from molten magma |
Igneous rock |
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Recrystallized in the solid state from heat and pressure |
Metamorphic |
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Formed from particles of other rocks/from solution |
Sedimentary |
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Common chemical weathering processes |
Hydration, hydrolysis, carbonation, dissolution, oxidation-reduction, complexation |
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Combination of solid mineral/element with water |
Hydration |
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When water molecules are chemically bonded to the mineral, the size of the chemical structure _____________ |
Increases |
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Common products of hydration reaction |
Hydrated oxides of Fe and Al |
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In _________, water molecules split ________ components |
Hydrolysis, H+ and OH- |
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H+ often replaces a _____ from the mineral structure; example of mineral |
Cation, microcline |
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Water is capable of dissolving many minerals by hydrating the cations and anions until they become dissociated from each other and surrounded by water molecules |
Dissolution |
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Example of mineral which undergo dissolution |
Gypsum |
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Weathering is accelerated by the presence of ______, which increase the activity of ____ in water |
Acids, H+ |
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When CO2 dissolves in water, the ______________ produced hastens the chemical dissolution of _____ in limestone/marble |
Carbonic acid, calcite |
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Other stronger acids contained in soil |
Nitric acid, sulfuric acid, organic acid |
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H+ ions is associated with ______ |
Soil clays |
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Minerals that contain __________ are especially susceptible to oxidation-reduction reactions |
Fe, Mn, S |
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Change in ______ and _______ causes __________ in the crystal structure of the mineral |
Valence, ionic radius; destabilizing adjustments |
