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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Operator |
The switch of a segment of DNA |
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Operon |
The entire stretch of DNA that includes the operator, the promotor and the genes that they control |
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Repressor |
A protein that can switch off the operon |
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Regulatory gene |
A gene that codes for a protein such as a repressor that controls the transcription of another gene or group of genes |
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Corepressor |
A molecule that cooperates with a repressor protein to switch an operon off |
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Inducer |
A molecule that inactivates the repressor to turn the lac operon on |
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Activator |
A protein that binds to DNA and stimulates gene transcription |
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Differential gene expression |
The expression of different genes by cells with the same genome |
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Epigenetic inheritance |
The inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence |
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Control elements |
Segments of noncodung DNA that serve as binding sites for transcription factors that help regulate transcription |
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Enhancers |
A segment of eukaryotic DNA containing multiple control elements usually located far from the genes whose transcription it regulates |
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MircroRNAs |
Small single- stranded RNA molecules that can bind to mRNA. It can degrade mRNA or block it translation |
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Small interfering RNAs |
Similar to miRNAs in size and function |
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Differentiation |
The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function |
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Morphogenesis |
The physical processes that give an organism it's shape |
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Cytoplasmic determinants |
Maternal substances in the egg that influence early development |
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Induction |
Signal molecules from embryonic cells cause transcriptional changes in nearby target cells |
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Pattern formation |
The development of a spatial organization of tissues and organs |
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Positional formation |
The molecular cues that control pattern formation tells a cell it's location relative to the body axes and to neighboring cells |
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Homeotic genes |
Control pattern formation in late embryo larva and adult stages |
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Embryonic lethal |
A mutation with a phenotype leading to death of an embryo or larva |
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Morphogens |
a substance that provides positional information in the form of a concentration gradient along an embryonic axis |
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Oncogenes |
Cancer causing genes in some types of viruses |
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Proto-oncogenes |
Corresponding normal cellular genes that are responsible for normal cell growth and division |
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Tumor- suppressor genes |
Normally help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. |
