Chap. 15- Specfic Immunity

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5 STAGES OF SPECFIC IMMUNITY

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1- LYMPHOCYTE DEVELOPMENT
2- PRESENTATION OF ANTIGENS
3- CHALLENGE OF B&T CELLS
4- PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES BY B-CELLS
5- T CELLS RESPONSE

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MARKERS

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GLYCOPROTEIN ON THE CELL SURFACE
MHC-MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBLITY COMPLEX

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MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX(MHC)

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GENE COMPLEX GIVES RISE TO A SERIES OF GLYCOPROTEINS FOUND ON ALL CELLS EXCEPT RED BLOOD CELLS. PLAYS A VITAL ROLE IN REGONITION OF SELF BY IMMUNE SYSTEM AND IN THE REJECTION OF FOREIGN TISSUE

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CLONAL SELECTION

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THE SYNTHESIS OF VARIED RECEPTOR TYPES
CLONE
EXPANSION
CLONAL DELETION

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CLONAL DELETION

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CELLS THAT RECONIZE SELF ARE REMOVED

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LYMPH NODES INFLAMMATION

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LYMPYH NODES SWELL BECAUSE OF INCREASE AMOUNTS OF B&T CELLS

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IMMUNOGLOBLOBULIN MOLECOLE=IG

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THE CHEMICAL CLASS OF PROTEINS TO WHICH ANTIBODIES BELONG

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ANTIBODIES SECRETED BY?

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B-CELL RECEPTORS

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4 TYPES OF ANTIGENS

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1-FOREIGN MATERIAL
2-SIZE AND SHAPE
3- ALLOANTIGENS
4- SUPERANTIGENS

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SUPERANTIGEN

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BACTERIAL TOXINS
T CELL ACTIVATION MUCH GREATER THAN NORMAL ANTIGEN
LARGE RELEASE OF CYTOKINES
MAY RESULT IN TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME

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EXPLAIN ACTIVATION

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CLONAL SELECTION AND BINDING OF ANTIGEN
INST. BY CHEMICAL MEDIATORS
TRANSMISSION OF SIGNAL TO NUCLEUS
B-CELL CHANGES INTO PLASMA CELLS
CLONAL EXPANSION AND MEMORY CELLS FORM
ANTIBODY PRODUCTION& SECRETION

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NAME 4 CLASSES OF IG MOLECULES

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1-IgG
2-IgA
3-IgM
4-IgE

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IgG

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PRIMARY RESPONSE
MOST PREVALENT IN TISSUE FLUID AND BLOOD

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IgA

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MUCOUS AND SEROUS MEMBRANE SECRETATIONS

PROTECTION FOR NEWBORNS( HIGH IN BREAST MILK)

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IgM

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FIRST TO BE SYNTHESIZED DURING PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE

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IgE

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PREVALENT IN ALLERIGES & PARASITE INFECTIONS

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OPSONIZATION

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THE PROCESS OF STIMULATING PHAGOCYTOSIS BY AFFIXING MOLECULES TO THE SURFACE OF FOREIGN CELLS AND PARTICLES
MAKES IT EASIER FOR MACROPHAGES TO ENGULF

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PRIMARY RESPONSE

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FIRST EXPOSURE, THE TIME IT TAKES FOR HOST TO RECONZIE PARTICLES AS FOREIGN( IgM ELEVATES QUICKLY)

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SECONDARY RESPONSE

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RE-EXPOSURE TO THE SAME ANTIGEN IMMUNE SYSTEM REPONSE QUICKLY

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ANAMNESTIC RESPONSE

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MEMORY CELLS RESPOND QUICKLY BECAUSE ANTIGEN IS RECONZIED FROM PRIOR EXPOSURE

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5 TYPES OF SPECFIC IMMUNITIES

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1- ACTIVE
2- PASSIVE
3-NATURAL
4-ARTIFICAL
5- VACCINES

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ACTIVE IMMUNITIES

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NAUTRAL OR ARTIFICAL
ANTIGEN ACTIVATES B&T CELLS
MEMORY CELLS
LONG TERM PROTECTRION

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PASSIVE

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NATURAL & ARTIFICAL
RECIEVE ANTIBODIES FROM ANOTHER INDIVIDUAL OR ANIMAL
NO MEMORY CELLS
NO ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
SHORT TERM PROTECTION
EXAM- BREAST FEEDING

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NATURAL

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IMMUNITY PRODUCED BY NORMAL BIOLOGICAL EXPERIENCES, NO MEDICAL INTERVENTION
EXAM.- INFECTION
MOTHER TO CHILD

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ARTIFICAL

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IMMUNE PROTECTION THROUGH MEDICAL PROCEDURES OR INTERVENTIONS
EXAM- VACCINATIONS+ GIVEN IMMUNOTHERAPY( RABIES)

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VACCINES- TYPES

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KILLED WHOLE CELL OR INACTIVATED VIRUS
LIVE, ATTENUATED CELLS OR VIRUS
ANTIGEN MOLECULES FROM BACTERIA OR VIRUS
GENTECTICALLY MANUFACTED MICROBES OR MICROBIAL ANTIGENS

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BENEFITS OF VACCINATIONS

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LONG-LASTING IMMUNITY
HERD IMMUNITY- INDIRECT PROTECTION OF NOIMMUNE
PREVENTS EPIDEMICS

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NAME 3 WAYS FOR ACTIVATION

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1- CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
2- ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL
3- TRANSFORMATION

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CELL- MEDIATED IMMUNITY

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DIRECT INVOLEMENT OF T CELLS
PRODUCE & REACT TO CYTOKINS
ACTIVATE WITH B-CELL ACTIVATION

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ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS

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MACROPHAGES AND DENDRITIC CELLS
ASSOCIATED WITH MHC( MAJOR HISTOCOMPATABILITY COMPLEX)

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TRANSFORMATION

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ACTIVATED T CELLS PREPARE FOR MITOSIS
MEMORY CELLS ARE PRODUCED

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TWO TYPES OF T CELLS

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1- HELPER T-CELLS(Th)
2- CYTOXIC T-CELLS(Tc)

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Th- HELPER TCELLS

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REGULATE IMMUNE REACTIONS TO ANTIGENS BY RELEASEING CYTOKINES
CYTOKINES ACTIVATE MAGROPHAGES
MOST PREVALENT IN THE BLOOD

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Tc- CYTOXIC T-CELLS

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BINDS AND LYSES CELL(APOPTOSIS)
PERFORINS-PUNCH HOLES IN CELLS
DEGRADE PROTEINS(GRANZYMES)
NATURAL KILLERS(NK)CELLS- ATTACK INFECTED CELLS AND CANCER CELLS