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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Arrhenius definition of acids and bases:
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An acid produces H+ ions in aqueous solution
A base produces OH- ions in aqueous solution |
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In water, H+ ions always associate with H2O molecules to produce?
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H3O+ ions, or hydronium ions
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The Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases
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An acid is a proton (H+ ion) donor
HCl(aq) + H2O(l) H3O+(aq) + Cl-(aq) A base is a proton (H+ ion) acceptor |
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amphoteric
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A substance that can act as an acid or a base
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Conjugate Acid-Base
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Slide 10
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Acid–base reactions generally form?
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water and a salt—an ionic compound—that usually remains dissolved in the solution
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gas evolution reaction
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The reaction of carbonates or bicarbonates (compounds containing CO32− or HCO3− ) with acids produces water, gaseous carbon dioxide, and a salt
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titration
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a substance in a solution of known concentration is reacted with another substance in a solution of unknown concentration
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equivalence point
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the number of moles of OH- added equals the number of moles of H+ in the original solution
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Strong acids
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completely ionize in solution
A strong acid is a strong electrolyte |
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List of Strong Acids:
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HCl
HBr HI HNO3 HClO4 H2SO4 |
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monoprotic acid
diprotic acid polyprotic acid |
A monoprotic acid contains only one ionizable proton
A diprotic acid contains two ionizable protons A polyprotic acid contains multiple ionizable protons Polyprotic acids ionize in multiple steps |
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Weak Acids
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only partially ionize in solution
weak electrolytes |
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Strong Base
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one that completely dissociates in solution
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List of Strong Bases
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LiOH
NaOH KOH Sr(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 |
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The ion product constant for water
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Kw= [H3O+] × [OH−] = (1.0 × 10-7)(1.0 × 10-7) = 1.0 × 10-14
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pH scale
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pH < 7 Acidic solution
pH = 7 Neutral solution pH > 7 Basic solution |
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pH?
pOH? |
pH = -log [H3O+]
pOH = -log [OH-] |
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Buffer
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a solution that resists pH change by neutralizing added acid or added base
contain significant amounts of a weak acid and its conjugate base |
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Acid Rain
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the result of sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides emitted by fossil fuel combustion
These oxides react with water to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid, which fall as acid rain |
