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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity |
Transmission of traits from one generation to the next |
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Variation |
The differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings |
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Genetics |
The scientific study of heredity and variation |
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Genes |
Units of heredity and are made up of segments of DNA |
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Locus (loci) |
A genes specific position along a chromosome |
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Asexual reproduction |
A single individual passes all of its genes to its offspring withoht the fusion of gametes |
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Sexual reproduction |
Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents |
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Life cylce |
Generation to generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism |
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Karyotype |
An ordered display of the pairs of chromosomes from a cell |
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Homologous chromosomes (homologs) |
The two chromosomes in each pair; chromosomes are the same length and shape and carry genes controlling the same inherited characters |
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Sex chromosomes |
Determine the sex of the individual, X and Y. |
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Autosomes |
The remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes. |
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Diploid cell |
2n; two sets of chromosomes; for humans the diploid number is 46 |
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Haploid cell |
N; a gamete contains a single set of chromosomes; for humans the haploid is 23 |
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Fertilization |
The Union of gametes; sperm and egg |
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Zygote |
The fertilized egg |
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Meiosis |
Cell division of sexually reproducing organisms |
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Synapsis |
The pairing and physical connection of duplicated homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis |
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Crossing over |
The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase 1 of meiosis |
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Recombinant chromosomes |
A chromosome created when crossing over combines DNA. From two parents into a single chromosome |
