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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the basic unit of society?
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families
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What is Prehistory?
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before writing
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anthropolgists
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study hominids
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archeologists
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study artifacts
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paleoclimatologists
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study climate
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artifact
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object made by humans
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fossil
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evidence of organic life preserved in rock
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radiocarbon dating
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measure age of organic matter by calculating the amount of C14
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how did scientists measure the age of a fossil before radiocarbon dating
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what level of rock found in
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how did scientists measure the age of a fossil before radiocarbon dating
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what level of rock found in
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Who discovered Lucy?
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Dr. Donald c. Johanson
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australopithicus
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"southern ape"
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australopithicus means
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"southern ape"
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characteristics of australopithicus
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pre-human
3.5-4 ft. tall small brain large teeth |
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Where was Lucy found?
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Hadar, Ethiopia
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What type was Lucy?
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Australopithicus
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Which Species developed limited speech?
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Homo Habilis
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Which Species developed crude stone tools?
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Home habils
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Which Species gathered and scavenged for food?
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Homo habilis
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Which Species developed fire?
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Homo Erectus
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Which Species developed language?
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homo erectus
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Which Species invented spear points?
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neanderthal
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Which Species had caves with drainage ditches as shelters?
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neanderthal
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Which Species first started to care for weaker members of the comunity?
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neanderthal
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Which Species first had pottery?
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Cro-Magnen
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Which Species did cave paintings?
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Cro-Magnens
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Who were the first people to migrate?
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Homo erectus
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uses of fire
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cooking
warmth protection comunication light |
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Which Species had dvision of laber by gender?
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Homo erectus
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Did neanderthals beleive in Life after death? How do we know?
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buried with spear points and stuff
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Which Species were most like modern humans?
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Cro-Magnens
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what were the uses of art?
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religous
passing on knowlage |
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What tools did the Cro-Magnens have?
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Knife, chizel, ax, fishooks, needles
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The develope of agriculture is called
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The Neolithic revilution
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revolution
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a change when things afterward never are the same
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causes of Neolithic revolution
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climate change
population growth hunting more dificult |
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how was domestication useful?
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food
wool - textiles protection - dogs |
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What do you need to trade?
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an exess of something
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Where were civilization started?
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along rivers-
Huang He Indus Nile Tigris-Euphrates |
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stages of irriation
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1.carried water
2.ditches 3.cannals, resovoirs, dams |
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How was irrigation helpful?
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could grow more crops
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what made long-distance trade possible?
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Wheel, sail + rudder
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Charateristics of civilization
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social classes
cities center of trade complex institutions a system of writing advanced technology |
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Why cities made government
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to organize big projects
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Sumarian writing
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cunea forms
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cunea means
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wedge shape
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Bronze is made with
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copper + tin
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Why was bronze valuble?
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sharper and harder
hard to find |
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Why did people develope creation myths
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morality
Good triuphs over evil |
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what is a zigerat
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sumarian temple
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hominids
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humans & human-like cretures
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What is Lucy?
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40% of a skeleton
the most complete skeleton of a pre human on 2 legs |
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Homo means
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"man" in Latin
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3 million years ago the climate changed
How did it change and how did hominida adapt? |
cooler & drier
more powerful teeth and larger brains |
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Homo habilis means
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"person with ability"
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Homo erectus means
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"person who walks upright"
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Homo sapien means
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"person who thinks"
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what were the ice ages?
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4 long periods where average temps. were below freezing
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how were land bridges created?
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oceans dropped
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culture
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knowlage, language, eating, dress, religion, art, & music of a people
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Traits of Australopithicus
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3.5-4 ft.tall
small brain large teeth aposable thumbs |
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achievments of autralopithicus
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walked upright
carry stuff |
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traits of Homo habilis
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larger brains
more powerful teeth long arms |
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achievments of Homo habilis
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food gathering and scavenging
crude stone tools limited speech lived in trees |
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traits of Homo erectus
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life expectancy - 20 yrs.
lived in bands of 40-60 |
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achievemnts of Homo erectus
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fire
migration language lived in caves |
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traits of neanderthals
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5.5 ft. tall
stocky muscular necks and sholders thick bones |
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achievements of neanderthals
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planned burials
care for weaker members free-standing shelters |
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traits of cro-magnons
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looked like modern humans
DNA almost identical |
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achievements of cro-magnons
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lots of tools
cave paintings canoes pottery |
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responses of early humans to ice ages
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miration, better shelter, fire, death, clothing, tools + waepons, language
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Neanderthal's main achievement
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free-standing shelters
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largest Neolithic vilage
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Catal Huyuk
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Achievements of neolithic farmers
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irrigation, domestication, plow, sickle, wheel, calendars, fertilizer
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what did trade lead to?
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jobs involving trade
written records system of measurements cultural diffusion |
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What did domesticaton lead to?
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concept of ownership
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economic changes in town life
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agriculture
new technology irrigation domestication diferent crafts bartering |
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social changed of town life
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simple government
concept of ownership |
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economic changes of cities
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specialized workers
trade |
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social changes of cities
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complicated government
complicated religion system of writing |
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Types of paleolithic art
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cave paintings
clay figures |
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problems of neolithic vilagers
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raiders
natural disasters disease |
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features of Catal Huyuk houses
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flat roofs
shared walls mud bricks walked on walls no windows murals on inside of walls |
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crops in the Middle east
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wheat & barley
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crop in SE Asia
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rice
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crop in the Americas
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corn
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crops in Africa
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bananas & yams
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crop in S Amaerica
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potatoes
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how did farming make life easier
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steady food supply
could stay longer in one place |
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where was Jericho
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in the modern West Bank
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what was Jericho?
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one of the earliest neolithic vilages
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where was Catal Huyuk?
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in modern Turkey
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how did neolithic farmers fertilize feilds
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ashes, fish, manure
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achievements of neolithic farmers
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wheel, loom, plow, claendars,
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civilization
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complex society
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root of civilization
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Latin civitas meaning "city"
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economy
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the ways in which people use their envirnment to meet their needs
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artisans
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workers skilled in a craft
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a mixture of metsals ia called a(n)
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alloy
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cultural diffusion
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the exchange of goods & ideas
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who was in the ruling class?
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Government laeders, military officials, priests
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Layout of city
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center - importantr buildings
next - residents of ruling class next - merchants houses next - shops and homes of artisans outskirts - farmers, sailors, & fishermen homes |
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how did writing start
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preists records
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myths
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traditional stories explaining how the world was formed
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Where was Sumar?
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the Tigris-Euphrates river vally
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sumarian creation myth
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2 gods, married & had kids, kids overthrew them, used bodies to make earth & sky & clay to make people
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Sumarian creator
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Marduk
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Sumarian mother godess
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Tiamat
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Sumarian father god
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Apsu
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