Chap 1-5 Ap Us People

Front 1

The Aztecs

Back 1

Native Americans who that lived in what is now Mexico and routinely offered their gods human sacrifices, these people were violent, yet built amazing pyramids and built a great civilization without having a wheel.

Front 2

The Mound Builders

Back 2

Indians of the Ohio River Valley

Front 3

The Mississippian Settlement

Back 3

At Cahokia, near present-day East St. Louis, Illionis, was home to about 40,000 people in at 1100 A.D.

Front 4

Hiawatha

Back 4

This was legendary leader who inspired the Iroquois, a powerful group of Native Americans in the northeastern woodlands of the U.S.

Front 5

The Norse

Back 5

These Vikings discovered America in about 1000 A.D., when they discovered modern-day Newfoundland. They abandoned it later due to bad conditions.

Front 6

Marco Polo

Back 6

Italian adventurer who supposedly sailed to the Far East in 1295 and returned with stories and supplies of the Asian life there.

Front 7

Bartholomeu Dias

Back 7

A Portuguese sailor, he was the first to round the southernmost tip of Africa, a feat he did in 1488

Front 8

Vasco da Gama

Back 8

In 1498, he reached INdia and returned home with a small but tantalizing cargo of jewels and spices.

Front 9

Ferdinand of Aragon / Isabella of Castile

Back 9

The wedded king and queen of Spain, their marriage united the previously non-existing country.

Front 10

Christopher Columbus

Back 10

An Italian seafarer who persuaded Spain to give him three ships for which to sail west to look for a better route to India, he "discovered" America in 1492

Front 11

Vasco Nunez Balboa

Back 11

Discoverer of the Pacific Ocean in 1513.

Front 12

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 12

IN 1519, his crew began a voyage and eventually ended becoming the first to circumnavigate the world, even though he died in the Philippines. The sole surviving ship returned to Europe in 1522.

Front 13

Ponce de Leon

Back 13

In 1513 and 1521, this Spanish Explorer explored Florida, searching for gold (contrary to the myth of his seeking the "fountain of Youth").

Front 14

Francisco Coronado

Back 14

From 1540 to 1542, he explored the pueblos of Arizona and New Mexico, penetrating as far east as Kansas. He also discovered the Grand Canyon and enormous herds of bison.

Front 15

Hernando de Soto

Back 15

From 1539 to 1542, he explored Florida and crossed the Mississippi River. he brutally abused Indians and died of fever and battle wounds.

Front 16

Francisco Pizarro

Back 16

IN 1532, he crushed the Incas of Peru and got lots of bounty

Front 17

Bartolome de Las Casas

Back 17

A Spanish missionary who was appalled by the method of encomienda, calling it "a moral pestilence invented by Satan"

Front 18

Hernan Cortes

Back 18

Annihilator of the Aztec in 1519.

Front 19

Malinche

Back 19

A female Indian slave who knew Mayan and Nahuatl, the language of the Aztec.

Front 20

Montezuma

Back 20

The leader of the Aztecs at the time of Cortes invasion who believed the Cortes was the Aztec god Quetzalcoatl.

Front 21

Giovanni Caboto

Back 21

AKA John Cabot, he explored the northeastern coaster of North America in 1497-1498

Front 22

Giovanni da Verranzo

Back 22

An Italian explorer dispatched by the French King in 1524 to probe the eastern seaboard of U.S.

Front 23

Don Juan de Onate

Back 23

Leader of a Spanish group that traversed parts of Mexico, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas in 1598, he and his men proclaimed the province of New Mexico in 1609 and founded its capital, Santa Fe.

Front 24

Robert de La Salle

Back 24

Sent by the French, he went on an expedition down the Mississippi in the 1680s.

Front 25

Juan Rodriquez Csabrillo

Back 25

He explored the California coast in 1542 but failed to find anything of interest.

Front 26

Father Juanipero Serra

Back 26

The Spanish missionary who founded 21 missions in California, in 1769, he founded Mission San Diego, the first of the chain.q

Front 27

maize

Back 27

Indian word for Corn

Front 28

Conquistadores

Back 28

the Spanish word for conqueror, these explorers claimed much of America for Spain, slaughtering millions of natives in the process.

Front 29

encomienda

Back 29

a euphemism for slavery in which Indians were given to colonists to be Christianized.

Front 30

Dia de la raza

Back 30

Spanish for Columbus Day.

Front 31

Lake Bonneville

Back 31

massive prehistoric lake, all of which remains today in the form of the Great Salt Lake

Front 32

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 32

treaty that settled Spanish and Portuguese's differences in the Americas Portugal got modern day Brazil; Spanish got the rest.

Front 33

Pope's Rebellion

Back 33

Revolt in which Indians took over New Mexico and held control for nearly half a nentury

Front 34

Timbuktu

Back 34

Capital of the West African kingdom of Mali, a place located in the Niger River Valley, Madeira, the Canaries, Sao Tome, Pricipe.

Front 35

Madeira, the Canaries, Sao Tome, Pricipe

Back 35

Areas where sugar plantations were established by Portugal then Spain where African slaves were forced to work.

Front 36

Potosi

Back 36

A rich silver mine in Bolivia that enriched Spain with lots of wealth.

Front 37

Spain founded __________.
France founded _________.
England founded ________.

Back 37

Santa Fe
Quebec
Jamestown

Front 38

King Henry VIII

Back 38

King who broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s and lunched the English Protestant Reformation.

Front 39

Elizabeth I

Back 39

Protestant Queen who knighted Sir Francis Drake, and also the cause for the Catholic Irish Uprising

Front 40

King James I

Back 40

gave Virginia Company received a charter from King James I to make a settlement in the New Wold in 1606.

Front 41

Virginia Charter

Back 41

important, because it granted settlers the same rights as living in England

Front 42

Captain John Smith

Back 42

took control and whipped the colonists into discipline, and was kidnapped by chief Powhatan, and "saved" by Pocahontas

Front 43

Lord De La Warr

Back 43

lead the relief party in 1610, and lead war against indians

Front 44

Lord Baltimore

Back 44

founded Maryland, and it was the second plantation colony and fourth overall colony to be formed. Place for persecuted Catholics to find refuge. Many protestants however lived there. Main crop :tobacco

Front 45

King Charles I

Back 45

beheaded, oliver Cromwell rule 10 years, before Charles II was restored to throne.

Front 46

King George II

Back 46

Georgia was named after him for English debtors

Front 47

James Ogelthorpe

Back 47

dynamic soldier statesman, repelled Spanish attacks.

Front 48

John Wesley

Back 48

founded Methodism

Front 49

Hiawatha

Back 49

inspired the Iroquois

Front 50

Martin Luther

Back 50

nailed 95 thesis to door of the Wittenberg cathedral

Front 51

John Calvin

Back 51

founded Calvinism (predestination), and in 1536, write up the Institutes of the Christian Religion

Front 52

King James I

Back 52

father of the beheaded Charles I, harassed the Separatists out of england because he thought that if people could defy him as their spiritual leader, they might defy him as their political ruler.

Front 53

Captain Myles Standish

Back 53

proved to be a great fighter and negotiator

Front 54

William Bradford

Back 54

chosen governor of Plymouth 30 times in the annual elections, was a great leader, and helped Plymouth to survive and trade fur, fish, and lumber

Front 55

John Winthrop

Back 55

was elected governor or deputy governor for 19 years, helping Massachusetts prosper in fur trading, fishing, and shipbuilding.

Front 56

John Cotton

Back 56

prominent clergy member, was educated at Cambridge and had immigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution from his criticism of the Church of England.

Front 57

Michael Wigglesworth

Back 57

write "Day of Doom" sold 1 person out every 20 people

Front 58

Anne Hutchinson

Back 58

intelligent woman who claimed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either God or man. Bought to trial in 1638, Anne boasted the her beliefs were directly from God. Went to Rhode Island, died in New York.

Front 59

Reverend Thomas Hooker

Back 59

led an energetic group of Puritans west

Front 60

Squanto

Back 60

a Wampanoag, helped keep relative peace

Front 61

Metacom

Back 61

called King Philip by the English, united neighboring Indians in a last ditched attack that failed

Front 62

Charles II Punishment on Massachusetts

Back 62

-sea to sea charter was given to rival Connecticut
-charter was given to Rhode Island
-1684, Massachusetts charter revoked

Front 63

Dominion of New England

Back 63

was created to bolster the colonial defense against Indians and tying the colonies closer to Britain by enforcing the hated Navigation Acts.
-acts forbade American trade with countries other than Britain

Front 64

Sir Edmund Andros

Back 64

Establishing HQ in Boston, he openly showed his association with the locally hated Church of England.
-Curb town meetings, restricts courts and press, revoking all land titles,taxed people with their consent.

Front 65

Henry Hudson

Back 65

ventured into Delaware and New York Bay and claimed the area for the Netherlands

Front 66

Peter Stuyvesant

Back 66

Dutch sent him to besiege the main Swedish fort, and he won, ending Swedish colonial rule, and only leaving only Swedish log cabins and place names as evidence that Swedes were every where in Delaware

Front 67

Duke of York

Back 67

Charles II granted the area of modern day New York to his brother.
British troops landed and defeated the Dutch kicking them out, without much violence.

Front 68

William Penn

Back 68

founded Pennsylvania, in honor of Penn. Best advertised of all the colonies.

Front 69

Chief Tammany

Back 69

later patron saint of New York's political Tammany Hall.

Front 70

Ben Franklin

Back 70

1720, entered Philadelphia as a seventeen year old with a loaf of bread under each arm.

Front 71

Chesapeake

Back 71

good for tobacco cultivation

Front 72

Nathaniel Bacon

Back 72

led a few thousand of these men in a rebellion against hostile conditions. hated Berkeley's friendly policies towards Indians.

Front 73

Germans

Back 73

accounted for 6 percent of the population, most were protestant (Lutheran) and were called the Pennsylvania Dutch.

Front 74

Scots-Irish

Back 74

7 percent of the population, reached MAerica and became squatters, and they seemed to try to move as far from Britain as possible. March of the Paxons Boys.

Front 75

Mollasses Act

Back 75

HAct which hinders its trade with French West Indies

Front 76

2 main tax supported churches

Back 76

Angelican, and Congregational
Angelican official in Georgia and both Carolinas, Virginia, Maryland,a and were a part of New York. Sermons were shorter and its descriptions of hell were less frightening. The Congregational church had grown from the Puritan church and it was established in all the New England colonies except for Rhode Island.

Front 77

Johnathan Edwards

Back 77

preacher with fiery preaching methods, emotional moving

Front 78

George Whitefield

Back 78

better than Edwards, and made Edwards weep, and persuaded Ben Franklin to empty his pockets into the collection plate.

Front 79

Great Awakening

Back 79

led to founding of colleges and university

Front 80

John Trumbull

Back 80

of Connectuit, discouraged as a youth by his father

Front 81

Charles Willson Peale

Back 81

best known for his portraits of George Washington, ran a museum, stuffed birds, and practiced dentistry

Front 82

Benjamin West and John Copley

Back 82

had to go to England to complete their ambitious careers

Front 83

Phillis Wheatley

Back 83

slave hirl who had never been formally educated did to to Britain and publish a book of verse and subsequently wrote other polished poems that revealed the influence of Alexander Pope.

Front 84

John Peter Zenger

Back 84

A new York newspaper printer, was taken to court and charged with seditious libel. Judge urged the jury to consider that the mere fact of publishing was a crime, but Zenger won. Freedom of press was pretty much assured in America.

Front 85

Lord Cornbury

Back 85

made governor of New York and New Jersey, proved to be a drunkard, a spendthrift, a gafter, and embezzler, a religoius bigot, and a vain fool.