Chamberlain A&p Sem1Sess1Week5Ch6

Front 1

Osteogenic cells

Back 1

Unspecialized stem cells derived from mesenchyme; the only cells to undergo cell division.

Front 2

Osteoblasts

Back 2

Bone-building cells

Front 3

Osteocytes

Back 3

Mature bone cells

Front 4

Osteoclasts
(description)

Back 4

Huge cells derived from fusion of up to 50 monocytes (type of leukocyte) concentrated in the endeosteum. Plasa membrane deeply flded into a ruffled border.

Front 5

Osteoclasts
(function)

Back 5

Release powerful lysosomal enzymes and acids that digest the protein and mineral components of the underlying bone matrix.

Front 6

Resorption

Back 6

The breakdown of bone matrix.
Part of the normal development, growth, maintenance repair of bone.

Front 7

Compact bone tissue
(location)

Back 7

Most of diaphyses of long bones

Front 8

Compact bone tissue
(function)

Back 8

Provide protection and support and resist the stresses produced by weight and movement

Front 9

6 Functions of Skeletal System

Back 9

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Assistance of body movement
4. Storage and release of calcium & phosphorous salts
5. Blood cell production in red marrow
6. Triglyceride storage in yellow marrow

Front 10

Components of long bone

Back 10

Diaphysis

Epiphyses

Metaphyses

Articular cartilage covering both epiphyses

Perosteum

Medullary cavity

Endeosteum

Front 11

Epiphyses

Back 11

Ends of the bone at the joints

Front 12

Metaphysis

Back 12

Region between diaphysis and epiphysis

Front 13

Periosteum

Back 13

Connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis

Front 14

Medullary cavity

Back 14

Hollow space within diaphysis

Front 15

Endeosteum

Back 15

Thin membrane lining the medullary cavity

Front 16

Osteon (aka Haversian systems)

Back 16

Unit of compact bone

Front 17

Components of Osteon

Back 17

1. Concentric lamellae

2. Lacuna

3. Osteocyte

4. Caniculi

5. Haversian canal

Front 18

Concentric lamellae

Back 18

Rings of hard, calcified matrix

Front 19

Lacunae

Back 19

Small spaces containing osteocytes

Front 20

Canaliculi

Back 20

Tiny canals radiating in all directions from the lacunae; contain extracellular fluid and the thin processes of osteocytes

Front 21

Haversian canal

Back 21

Central canals running longitudinally through bone; contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.

Front 22

Periosteal arteries

Back 22

enter the diaphysis through Volkmann's canals;

accompanied by periosteal veins

Front 23

Nutrient artery

Back 23

enters & exits the center of the diaphysis through a nutrient foramen

Front 24

Ossification

Back 24

The process of bone formation

Front 25

4 Situations of Bone Growth

Back 25

1. During embryological and fetal development

2. When bones grow before adulthood

3. When bones remodel

4. When fractures heal

Front 26

Epiphyseal arteries

Back 26

enter the epiphyses of a long bone and supply

Front 27

2 types of ossification

Back 27

1. Intramembraneous

2. Endochondrial

Front 28

Intramembraneous

Back 28

occurs in flat bones when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone

Front 29

4 incidences of intramembraneous ossification

Back 29

1. Development of the center of ossification

2. Calcification
3. Formation of the trebeculae
4. Development of the periosteum

Front 30

Endochondrial ossification

Back 30

The replacement of cartilage by bone

Front 31

5 incidences of endochondrial ossification

Back 31

1. Development of the cartilage model

2. Growth of the cartilage model

3. Devlopment of the primary ossification center

4. Development of the secondary ossification centers

5. Formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal plate.

Front 32

Primary ossification occurs in the

Back 32

medullary cavity

Front 33

Secondary ossification occurs in the

Back 33

The interior of the epiphyses

Front 34

Epiphyseal plate

Back 34

A layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that consists of four zones

Front 35

Epiphyseal line

Back 35

The bony structure that replaces epiphyseal plates.