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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define urbanisation. |
the rise in the percentage of people living in urban areas, in comparison with rural areas |
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Define rural-urban migration |
the movement of people from countryside to cities, normally to escape poverty and to search for work |
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Define internal growth. |
natural increase which helps to drive the population of the world's cities |
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Why are people more likely to want to live in urban areas? |
-more employment available -higher wages -more people and culture -more services -better education and healthcare -more entertainment |
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How does natural increase affect city growth? |
-people in their 20s and 30s migrate to cities -start a family -birth rates increase -natural increase |
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Define a megacity. |
A city with a population of over 10 million. |
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Define the formal economy. |
jobs with contracts of employment and more job security, people pay tax |
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Define the informal economy. |
jobs that have little or no security, no tax is paid |
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Define hyperurbanisation. |
when the population is growing so fast the city cannot cope with peoples needs. |
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Name a megacity in the developed and developing world. |
-LA -New York -Tokyo -Shanghai, Beijing
-Mexico City -Sao Paulo, Rio -Karachi -Mumbai, New Delhi -Buenos Aires -Dhaka -Calcutta -Manila |
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Describe the differences between a local city and a global city. |
-Local cities rely on surrounding areas to provide food, resources and people -Global cities import all their resources -Global cities cause lots of pollution |
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What is an eco-footprint? What is it measured in? |
a measure of the area of land needed to provide all the resources and services consumed and absorb all the waste products measured in global hectares per person |
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Complete the sentence. Areas with higher _______ have greater eco footprints as they consume more goods and energy. Areas with a higher percentage of _______ also have high eco footprints. |
Incomes Commuters |
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Give benefits and costs of landfill sites. |
-produces methane for electricity -can be safely sealed -makes use of old quarries -local housing cheaper than average -contaminates groundwater and soil -no future housing -bad smell -congestion on local roads -attracts sea gulls and rats -wild animals poisoned by waste -loose material blown around -noise from machinery |
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Describe London's eco footprint. How is London reducing its eco footprint? (include the names of the four schemes) |
-44th out of 60 cities in England -Higher than average housing, food and private services but lower than average transport -reducing its energy consumption -retro fitting -reducing waste generation -clean technology -discouraging high polluting vehicles -encouraging cycling -congestion charge
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Define retro fitting. |
adding new energy saving and energy efficient features to existing homes and public buildings |
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Define quality of life. |
includes money, housing, employment, environment, access to services etc. A measure of how 'wealthy' people are |
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Define slum. |
an overcrowded urban street or district inhabited by very poor people |
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Define self help scheme. |
authorities provide people with the materials/resources and sometimes training so they can improve their area
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Define NGOs |
Non government organisations Organisations that develop small scale, sustainable solutions to local problems in developing countries, i.e. WaterAid |
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Define urban planning. |
The process concerned with the use of land and design of the urban environment. |
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Define favela. |
The word used in Brazil for shanty town (area of slum housing.) |
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How has a self helped scheme helped those living in the slums of Rochina, Brazil? |
-building materials to construct permanent homes -electricity and clean water supplies provided -better overall living conditions -healthier/less disease due to clean water and improved sanitation -better education and so better employment opportunity |