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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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drugs produce...
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feelings of pleasure or remove feelings of stress and emotional pain.
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all abused drugs produce pleasure by activating a specific network of neurons called the...
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brain reward system
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the circuit is normally involved in an important type of learning the helps us...
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stay alive
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because rugs inappropiately turn on the reward circut...
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people want to repeat drug use
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neurons release special chemicals called...
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neurotransmitters
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factors that alter the way that people resond to drugs are...
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genetic susceptibility or environmental factors
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tolerance...
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progressive need that accompanies chronic use for a higher drug dose to achieve the same effect
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drug dependence...
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the adaptive physiological state that results in withdrawal symptoms when drug use stops
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motivational form of dependence...
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the feeling that a person can't live without a drug, accompanied by negative affective states
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is...
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characterized by excessively inattentive, hyperactive, or impulsive behaviors
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currently ADHD is diagnosed solely on the basis of...
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behavioral symptoms
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Alzeheimer's Disease is...
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the most common form of dementia
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the earlisest symptoms of alzeheimers are...
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forgetfulness and memory loss; disorientation to time or place; and difficulty with concentration calculation, language and judgement.
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is...
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commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease
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ALS effects neurons that control...
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voluntary muscle movements such as walking
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In ALS...
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moror neurons in the brain and spinal cord begin to disentegrate
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in more then what percent of cases, ALS appears in individuals with no family history of the disease?
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90%
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the most common and well studied of these are mutations in the gene that codes for ...
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superoxide dismutase, located on chromosome 21
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Anxiety Disorders are...
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the most widespread mental illness
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Anxiety disorders include...
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phobias such as fear of hights, agoraphobia, post traumatic stress disorder and OCD.
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a panic disorder can...
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result in suicide
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in OCD, people become trapped, often for many years, in...
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repetitive thoughts and behaviors, which they recognize as groundless but cannot stop.
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panic disorders usually start...
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out of the blue
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patients experience an overwhemling sense of...
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impending doom, accompanied by sweating, weakness, dizziness and shortness of breath
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phobia...
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an intense, irrational fear of particular object or situation
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Autism...
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characterized by communication difficulties, delayed development of language, impaired social skills, communication difficulties and narrow, obsessive interests or repetitive behaviors.
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Autism is diagnosed on...
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the basis of behavioral symptoms
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Autism has...
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contributing genetic factors
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Malignant...
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a condition that spreads and becomes potentially lethal
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Brain tumors that start in the brain...
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are usually 60% malignant
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Tumors that begin as cancer elsewhere and then spread to the brain...
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are always malignant
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Down Syndrome...
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is the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormality
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Down syndrome occurs when...
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an extra copy of chromosome 21
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All people with down syndrome show...
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the neuropathological changes of Alzheimers disease by age 40
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Huntingtons disease...
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progresses slowly over a 10-20 year period and eventually rons the affected individual of the ability to walk, talk, think, and reason.
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Huntingtons disease appears...
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between the ages of 30 and 50
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The huntingtons disease mutation...
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is and expanded triplet repeat in the HD gene
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Dyslexia...
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specific reading disability, is the most common and most carefully studied of the learning disabilities.
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Multiple sclerosis...
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is the most common central nervous system disease of young adults after epilepsy.
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in MS, when brain tissue is destroyed...
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it is replaced by scars of hardened sclerotic patches of tissue
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in MS, lesions are called plaques and appear in multiple places...
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within the central nervous system
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the most common symptoms of MS are...
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blurred vision, awkward gait, numbness and fatigue
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in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)...
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the immune system and the nervous system is profoundly affected
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Schizophrenia is...
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marked by disturbances in thinking, emotional reactions and social behavior
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schizphrenia usually results in...
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chronic illness and personality change
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schizophrenia is thought to reflect changes...
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in the brain, possibly caused by disease or injury at the time of birth, and a genetic deiposition that may be excerbated by enviromental stress.
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Tourette syndrome is...
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an inherited disorder
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symptoms of tourettes are...
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motor and vocal tics, involuntary movements, or utterances that are rapid and sudden
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a high percentage of people with TS also have associated conditions such as...
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problems with learning, difficulties with attention span, and obsessive behaviors.
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