Chabner Lom Chapter Twelve

Front 1

adenoids

Back 1

Collections of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx; also called pharyngeal tonsils

Front 2

alveolus (plural: alveoli)

Back 2

Air sac in the lung

Front 3

apex of the lung

Back 3

Uppermost portion of the lung. The apex is the top, end, or tip of a structure. Apical means pertaining to the apex.

Front 4

base of the lung

Back 4

Lower portion of the lung; from the Greek, basis, foundation.

Front 5

bronchioles

Back 5

Smallest branches of the bronchi

Front 6

bronchus (plural: bronchi)

Back 6

Branch of the trachea (windpipe) that is a passageway into the air spaces of the lung; bronchial tube.

Front 7

carbon dioxide (CO2)

Back 7

A gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs.

Front 8

cilia

Back 8

Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract. They clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung. Smoking cigarettes impairs the function of cilia.

Front 9

diaphragm

Back 9

Muscle separating the chest and abdomen. It is the most important muscle for breathing.

Front 10

epiglottis

Back 10

Lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing.

Front 11

expiration

Back 11

Breathing out (exhalation)

Front 12

Glottis

Back 12

Opening to the larynx

Front 13

hilum (of lung)

Back 13

Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. Hilar means pertaining to the hilum.

Front 14

inspiration

Back 14

Breathing in (inhalation)

Front 15

larynx

Back 15

Voice box

Front 16

lobe

Back 16

Division of a lung

Front 17

mediastinum

Back 17

Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes.

Front 18

oxygen (O2)

Back 18

Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells

Front 19

palatine tonsil

Back 19

One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth)

Front 20

paranasal sinus

Back 20

One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

Front 21

parietal pleura

Back 21

The outer fold of pleura lying closest to the ribs and wall of the thoracic cavity

Front 22

pharynx

Back 22

Throat; composed of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Front 23

pleura

Back 23

Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung

Front 24

pleural cavity

Back 24

Space between the folds of the pleura

Front 25

pulmonary parenchyma

Back 25

The essential cells of the lung, those performing its main function; the air sacs (alveoli) and small bronchioles.

Front 26

trachea

Back 26

Windpipe

Front 27

visceral pleura

Back 27

The inner fold of pleura lying closest to the lung tissue

Front 28

adenoid/o

Back 28

adenoids

Front 29

alveol/o

Back 29

alveolus, air sac

Front 30

bronch/o
bronchi/o

Back 30

bronchial tube, bronchus

Front 31

bronchiol/o

Back 31

bronchiole, small bronchus

Front 32

capn/o

Back 32

carbon dioxide

Front 33

coni/o

Back 33

dust

Front 34

cyan/o

Back 34

blue

Front 35

epiglott/o

Back 35

epiglottis

Front 36

laryng/o

Back 36

larynx, voice box

Front 37

lob/o

Back 37

lobe of the lung

Front 38

mediastin/o

Back 38

mediastinum

Front 39

nas/o

Back 39

nose

Front 40

orth/o

Back 40

staight, upright

Front 41

ox/o

Back 41

oxygen

Front 42

pector/o

Back 42

chest

Front 43

pharyng/o

Back 43

pharynx, throat

Front 44

phon/o

Back 44

voice

Front 45

phren/o

Back 45

diaphragm

Front 46

pleur/o

Back 46

pleura

Front 47

pneum/o
pneumon/o

Back 47

air, lung

Front 48

pulmon/o

Back 48

lung

Front 49

rhin/o

Back 49

nose

Front 50

sinus/o

Back 50

sinus, cavity

Front 51

spir/o

Back 51

breathing

Front 52

tel/o

Back 52

complete

Front 53

thorac/o

Back 53

chest

Front 54

tonsill/o

Back 54

tonsils

Front 55

trache/o

Back 55

trachea, windpipe

Front 56

-ema

Back 56

condition

Front 57

Em-

Back 57

in

Front 58

-osmia

Back 58

smell

Front 59

-pnea

Back 59

breathing

Front 60

-ptysis

Back 60

spitting

Front 61

-sphyxia

Back 61

pulse

Front 62

-thorax

Back 62

pleural cavity, chest

Front 63

auscultation

Back 63

Listening to sounds within the body

Front 64

percussion

Back 64

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure

Front 65

pleural rub

Back 65

Scratchy sound produced by the motion of inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other; also called a friction rub.

Front 66

rales (crackles)

Back 66

Abnormal crackling sounds heard during inspiration when there is fluid, blood, or pus in the alveoli

Front 67

sputum

Back 67

Material expelled from the chest by coughing or clearing the throat

Front 68

stridor

Back 68

Strained, high-pitched, noisy sound made on inspiration; associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea.

Front 69

wheezes

Back 69

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration

Front 70

Upper Respiratory Disorders:

croup

Back 70

Acute viral infection in infants and children; characterized by obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor.

Front 71

Upper Respiratory Disorders:

diphtheria

Back 71

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the diphtheria bacterium (Corynebacterium)

Front 72

Upper Respiratory Disorders:

epistaxis

Back 72

Nosebleed

Front 73

Upper Respiratory Disorders:

pertussis

Back 73

Bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis, a highly contagious bacterium. Also known as whooping cough.

Front 74

Bronchial Tube Disorders:

asthma

Back 74

Chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by airway obstruction caused by edema, bronchoconstriction, and increased mucus production

Front 75

Bronchial Tube Disorders:

bronchiectasis

Back 75

Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung

Front 76

Bronchial Tube Disorders:

bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer)

Back 76

Cancerous tumors arising from a bronchus

Front 77

Bronchial Tube Disorders:

chronic bronchitis

Back 77

Inflammation of the bronchi persisting over a long time

Front 78

Bronchial Tube Disorders:

cystic fibrosis

Back 78

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick, mucous secretions that do not drain normally

Front 79

Lung Disorders:

atelectasis

Back 79

Incomplete (atel/o) expansion (-ectasis) of alveoli; collapsed, functionless, airless lung or portion of a lung. Caused by tumor or other obstruction of the bronchus, or poor respiratory effort

Front 80

Lung Disorders:

emphysema

Back 80

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Front 81

Lung Disorders:

pneumoconiosis

Back 81

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Front 82

Lung Disorders:

pneumonia

Back 82

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction

Front 83

Lung Disorders:

pulmonary abcess

Back 83

A large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs

Front 84

Lung Disorders:

pulmonary edema

Back 84

Swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles

Front 85

Lung Disorders:

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Back 85

Clot (thrombus) or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Front 86

Lung Disorders:

pulmonary fibrosis

Back 86

Formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Front 87

Lung Disorders:

sarcoidosis

Back 87

Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown cause in which small nodules or tubercles develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs

Front 88

Lung Disorders:

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 88

Infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs are usually involved, but any organ in the body may be affected

Front 89

Pleural Disorders:

mesothelioma

Back 89

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura and associated with exposure to asbestos

Front 90

Pleural Disorders:

pleural effusion

Back 90

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)

Front 91

Pleural Disorders:

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Back 91

Inflammation of the pleura

Front 92

Pleural Disorders:

pneumothorax

Back 92

Collection of air in the pleural space

Front 93

anthracosis

Back 93

Coal dust accumulation in the lungs

Front 94

asbestosis

Back 94

Asbestos particles accumulate in the lungs

Front 95

bacilli (singular: bacillus)

Back 95

Rod-shaped bacteria (cause of tuberculosis)

Front 96

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 96

Chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs

Front 97

cor pulmonale

Back 97

Failure of the right side of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood to the lungs because of underlying lung disease

Front 98

exudate

Back 98

Fluid, cells, or other substances (pus) that slowly leave cells or capillaries through pores or small breaks in cell membranes.

Front 99

hydrothorax

Back 99

Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

Front 100

palliative

Back 100

Relieving symptoms, but not curing the disease

Front 101

paroxysmal

Back 101

Pertaining to a sudden occurence, such as a spasm or seizure; oxysm/o means sudden

Front 102

pulmonary infarction

Back 102

An area of dead (necrotic) tissue in the lung

Front 103

purulent

Back 103

Containing pus

Front 104

rhonchi

Back 104

Coarse, loud rales caused by secretions in bronchial tubes

Front 105

silicosis

Back 105

Silica or glass dust in the lungs; occurs in mining occupations

Front 106

Clinical Procedures:

chest x-ray

Back 106

Radiographic imaging of the thoracic cavity

Front 107

Clinical Procedures:

chest tomograms

Back 107

A series of x-ray images each showing a "slice" of the chest at different depths. Tomograms detect small masses not seen on regular films.

Front 108

Clinical Procedures:

computed tomography
(CT scan of the chest)

Back 108

Computer-generated x-ray images show thoracic structures in cross-section

Front 109

Clinical Procedures:

pulmonary angiography

Back 109

X-ray images taken after injecting radiopaque contrast into the pulmonary artery or right side of the heart

Front 110

Clinical Procedures:

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 110

Magnetic waves create detailed images of the chest in frontal, lateral, and cross-sectional (axial) planes

Front 111

Clinical Procedures
(Radioactive Test):

ventilation-perfusion (V-Q)scan

Back 111

Detection device records radioactivity after injection of a radioisotope or inhalation of small amount of radioactive gas(xenon).

This test can identify areas of the lung not receiving air flow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion).

Front 112

Clinical Procedures:

bronchoscopy

Back 112

Fiber-optic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens.

Front 113

Clinical Procedures:

endotracheal intubation

Back 113

Placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway.

This procedure allows a person to be placed on a ventilator.

Front 114

Clinical Procedures:

laryngoscopy

Back 114

Visual examination of the voice box

Front 115

Clinical Procedures:

lung biopsy

Back 115

Removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic examination

Front 116

Clinical Procedures:

mediastinoscopy

Back 116

Endoscopic visual examination of the mediastinum

Front 117

Clinical Procedures:

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Back 117

Tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lung (airway function, lung volume, and capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dixide efficiently).

Front 118

Clinical Procedures:

thoracentesis

Back 118

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

Front 119

Clinical Procedures:

thoracotomy

Back 119

Major surgical incision of the chest

Front 120

Clinical Procedures:

thorascopy

Back 120

Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope

Front 121

Clinical Procedures:

tracheostomy

Back 121

Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

Front 122

Clinical Procedures:

tuberculin test

Back 122

Determines past or present tuberculosis infection based on a positive skin reaction

Front 123

Clinical Procedures:

tube thoracostomy

Back 123

Chest tube is passed through an opening in the skin of the chest to continuously drain a pleural effusion