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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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external respiration
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oxygen is inhaled
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internal respiration
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exchange of gases at the cells within all organs of the body
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cilia
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fine hairs in the nasal cavity to help filter out foreign bodies, warm and moisten the air
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paranasal sinuses
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hollow, air-containing spaces within the skull
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three divisions of the pharynx
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1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx 3. laryngopharynx |
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nasopharynx
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contains pharyngeal tonsils, aka the adenoids, which are collections of lymphatic tissue
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oropharynx
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closer to the mouth (oral) and contains the palatine tonsils, two rounded masses of lymphatic tissue
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laryngopharynx
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serves as a common passageway for food from the mouth and air from the nose.
It also divides into two branches: 1. larynx 2. esophagus |
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epiglottis
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a flap of catilage attached to the root of the tongue, prevents choking or aspiration of food. It acts as a lid over the opening of the larynx. During swallowing, when food and liquid move through the throat, the epiglottis closes over the larynx.
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trachea
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kept open by 16 to 20 C-shaped rings of catilage separated by fibrous connective tissue that stiffen the front and sides of the tube
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bronchi
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each bronchus leads to a separate lung and divides and subdivides into smaller and finer tubes, somewhat like the branches of a tree
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bronchioles
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smallest of the bronchial tubes
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alveoli
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clusters of air sacs at the end of each bronchiole. Each alveolus is lined with a one-cell layer of epithelium. This very thin wall permits an exchnage of gases between the alveolus and the capillary.
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capillary
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blood flowing through the capillary accepts oxygen from the alveolus while depositing carbon dioxide into the alveolous.
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erythrocytes
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in the blood carry oxygen to all parts of the body and carbon dioxide to the lungs for exhaltion
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pleura
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each lung is covered by this double-folded membrane
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parietal pleura
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outer layer of the pleura, nearest the ribs
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visceral pleura
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inner layer closest to the lung
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lobes
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each lung is divided into lobes. The right lung (which is larger) has 3 lobes and the left lung has 2 lobes
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apex
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uppermost part of the lung
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base
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lower area of the lung
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hilum
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middle area of the lung
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inspiration
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inhalation
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expiration
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exhalation
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pulmonary parenchyma
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essential cells of the lung - those performing its main function: the air sacs and small bronchioles
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carbon dioxide
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a gas produced by body cells when oxygena nd food combine; exhaled through the lungs
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exudates
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fluid
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anthracosis
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coal dust
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asbestosis
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asbestos particles
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silicosis
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silica or glass
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nosocomial
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hospital
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